oct 11 Flashcards
muscles of respiration arranged in 3 layers in the spaces between adjacent ribs
intercostals
each group of intercostals has how many layers
11
what separates the internal and innermost intercostals
neurovascular bundle
what is the Fixed attachment of the external intercostals
superior (ribs 1-11)
what is the fixed attachment of the internal intercostals
inferior (ribs 2-12)
what are the attachment points of the external intercostals
superior: ribs 1-11 to inferior: ribs 2-12
what are the attachment points of the internal intercostals
superior: ribs 1-11 to inferior: ribs 2-12
what are the three layers of the intercostals
external, internal, innermost
what are the attachment points of the innermost intercostals
superior: ribs 1-11 to inferior: ribs 2-12
what is the fibre direction of internal intercostals
perpendicualr to external intercostals
actions of external intercostals
quiet and forced inhalation (rib elevation)
action of internal/innermost intercostals
forced expiration
action shared by all intercostals
keep intercostal spaces rigid
muscle with 12 pairs, attaches TVPs of C7-T11 to the immediately inferior ribs
levator costarum
action of levator costarum
rib elevation
muscle that attaches 1st rib and its costal cartilage to the middle third of the inferior surface of the clavicle
subclavius
action of subclavius
anchors, depresses, and draws the clavicle medially
the principle muscle of respiration
(thoracic) diaphragm
dome shaped muscle that divides the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity
(thoracic) diaphragm
muscle pierced by structures passing between the thorax and abdomen
(thoracic) diaphragm
top of the diaphragm sits where during expiration
around the 4th intercostal space
top of the diaphragm sits where during inspiration
around the 6th intercostal space
the posterior surface of the xiphoid, internal surfaces of lower 6 ribs and their costal cartilages, upper lumbar vertebrae, medial arcuate ligaments, and lateral arcuate ligaments are attachment points for what?
the muscular component of the diaphragm
the muscular fibres of the diaphragm converge radially into this part of the diaphragm
central tendon
what kind of tendon is the central tendon of the diaphragm
aponeurotic
structure of the diaphragm with C-shaped appearance with a central, left, and right “leaflet”
central tendon
action of the diaphragm
moves inferiorly with contraction so that it is flattened
during contraction of the diaphragm the central tendon moves inferiorly, increasing the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity
inspiration
what muscles assist inspiration during contraction
intercostals
what is the name for the elevation and lateral movement of the ribs during inspiration, which increases the transverse dimension of the thorax
the bucket-handle movement
what is the name for the raising and anterior movement of the ribs during inspiration, which increases the anteroposterior dimension of the thorax
the pump-handle movement
action of the diaphragm relaxing and moving superiorly, along with the elastic recoil of the lungs.
expiration
name for action in which the diaphragm remains relatively relaxed, accessory muscles of respiration lift the chest up and out
apical breathing
name for the region below the pelvic cavity
perineum
floor of the perineum
skin
roof of the perineum
pelvic diaphragm
clinical term for hiccup
singultus
muscles of the pelvic diaphragm
2 levator ani muscles and 2 coccygeus muscles
actions of pelvic diaphragm
support pelvic viscera, helps maintain control of bodily functions
part of the skull that contains the brain
cranium
the frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal, and parietal bones make up what structure
cranium
the line of union in an immovable articulation
suture
U shaped bone forming the skeleton of the lower jaw and inferior face
mandible
dome-like superior portion of the cranium
calvaria
