The Vascular System Flashcards
What are the 5 types of blood vessels?
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
What do arteries do?
They carry blood away from the heart.
What are the 3 layers of an artery?
Endothelium, Smooth Muscle, and the outer layer.
What is Vasoconstriction?
It is a decrease in the diameter of the blood vessel lumen.
What is vasodilation?
It is an increase in the diameter of the blood vessel lumen.
What are Arterioles?
These are small arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries.
They do this through constriction and dilation.
What do arterioles play a key role in?
Regulating the blood flow from the arteries and capillaries.
What are capillaries?
They are microscopic blood vessels that connect arteriolesto venules.
What are capillaries also known as?
The exchange vessels
What do capillaries do?
They exchange waste and nutrients between the body’s cells and the blood.
What do veins carry?
Deoxygenated blood
Where do veins empty all their deoxygenated blood too?
The right atrium
Where do the Superior Vena Cava, the Inferior Vena Cava, and the Coronary Sinus empty into?
The Right Atrium
What helps regulate Heart Rate and Stroke volume?
The Cardiovascular centre in the medulla oblongata.
what is the medulla oblongata?
It is the connection between the brain stem and the spinal cord and has many important centers.
What are the 3 main types of sensory receptors found in the cardiovascular center?
Proprioceptors, Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors.
What does Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAA) systemdo?
The kidneys secrete the enzyme renin to increase Blood pressure.
What do Epinephrine and norepinephrinedo?
Sympathetic stimulation increases cardiac output.
What does Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)cause?
Vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.
What does Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)cause?
The atria of the heart causes vasodilation and lowers blood pressure
What are the 3 age-related changes to blood vessels?
1) Arteries can become less elastic.
2) Calcium deposits on the vessel walls.
3) Thrombi can form.
What are the 3 main veins?
The Superior Vena Cava, the Inferior Vena Cava, and the Coronary Sinus.
