Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What is Gross (macroscopic) anatomy?
Large structures that can be seen without a microscope
What is Regional anatomy?
All structures in a region examined together.
What is Systemic anatomy?
Each individual body system
What is Surface anatomy?
Internal structures relation to overlying skin.
What is Microscopic anatomy?
Small structures visible only via a microscope
What is Cytology?
The study of cells
What is Histology?
The study of tissues.
What is Developmental anatomy?
how structures change throughout the life span.
What is Embryology?
study of developmental changes in an embryo (before birth)
What is Pathological anatomy?
disease and the resulting structural changes.
What is Radiographic anatomy?
internal structures as seem via medical imaging.
What is Molecular anatomy?
structure of biological molecules
What is an atom?
the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions.
What is a molecule?
two or more atoms joined together.
What are some different types of cells in the human body?
muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells.
What are tissues?
These are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function.
What are the 4 main types of tissues in the human body?
1) Epithelial tissue
2) Connective tissue
3) Muscular tissue
4) Nervous tissue
How is a tissue formed?
By cells grouping together
What are organs made from and what are they for?
They are formed by different types of tissues and have a specific function
What are the fundamental survival requirements for the body?
- Nutrients (food)
- Hydration (water)
- Oxygen
- Pressure (gaseous exchange)
- Heat
What are the 6 important life processes for living organisms?
1) Metabolism
2) Responsiveness
3) Movement
4) Growth
5) Differentiation
6) Reproduction
What is Metabolism?
it is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body
What is Responsiveness?
It is the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes in its environment.
What is Movement?
It includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny organelles inside cells.
What is Growth?
is an increase in body size. It may be due to an increase in the size of existing cells, the number of cells, or the amount of material surrounding cells.
What is Differentiation?
is the process whereby unspecialised cells become specialised cells.
What is reproduction?
It is the formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement or the production of a new individual.
What is Homeostasis?
It is the maintenance of relatively stable conditions; this ensures that the body’s internal environment remains constant despite changes inside and outside the body.
What are the 3 main components to a feedback center?
a receptor, a control center, an effector.
What is a feedback center?
It is a cycle of events in which a condition in the body is continually monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, or reevaluated.
