The Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the main function of the Respiratory System?
Respiration
What are the 3 steps of respiration?
Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Internal respiration
What is Pulmonary Ventilation?
The mechanical flow of air in and out of the lungs.
What is External Respiration?
It is gaseous exchange in the lungs
What is Internal Respiration?
It is gaseous exchange in the tissues.
What are the 6 functions of the respiratory system?
- Respiration
- helps to regulate Blood Ph
- filters, warms,and moistensinspired air
- produces sounds
- rids thebody of some water and heat in exhaled air.
What are the 3 upper parts of the respiratory system?
- Nose
- Nasal cavity
- Pharynx
What are the 4 lower parts of the respiratory system?
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
What is the conduction zone?
Its a series of tubes and cavities that conduct air in and out of the lungs
What is the respiratory zone?
Its the tissues within the lungs that gas exchange occurs.
What is the external part of the nose made from?
Skin and Cartilage and it is lined with a mucous membrane.
What is the nose adapted for?
Warming, moistening and filtering air. and olfaction and acting as a resonating chamber.
What is the pharynx?
It is a funnel shaped tube that starts at the internal nares and extends a short way down the neck.
Where is the pharynx?
It’s behind the nasal and oral cavities and is composed of skeletal muscle lined with mucous membrane.
What is the nasopharynx?
Its the passageway for air
What is the oropharynx?
It is the passageway for air and food
What is the larynx?
Its the voice box and connects the pharynx and thetrachea.
What 4 things does the larynx include?
- Thethyroid cartilage(Adam’s apple),
- Theepiglottis,
- Thecricoid cartilage,
- Thevocal cords.
What is the trachea?
It joins the larynx to the primary bronchi
What is the trachea made from?
Smooth muscle and C-shaped rings of cartilage
What does the trachea split into?
Aright main (primary) bronchus, whichgoes to the right lung, and aleft main (primary) bronchus, whichgoes to the left lung.
What does the main bronchi divide to form?
Lobar or secondary bronchi
What does Secondary bronchi divide to form?
Segmental or tertiary bronchi.
What does Segmental bronchi divide to form?
Forms bronchioles.
What do Bronchioles branch into?
Terminal bronchioles
Where are the lungs?
In the thoracic cavity
What is each lung enclosed in?
Pleural membrane.
What is the outer layer of the lung?
Parietal pleura
What is the inner layer of the lung?
Visceral pleura
How many lobes are in the right lung?
3
What does the left lung contain?
2 Lobes, the depression and the cardiac notch
Each lobeconsists of lobules containing what?
lymphatic vessels, venules terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli
Where does gaseous exchange happen?
In the respiratory membrane
When does the diaphragm contract?
when it receives nerveimpulses from the phrenic nerves
What happens in external and internal respiration?
O2 and C O2 move from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure.
What is external respiration?
It is the exchange of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary blood capillaries.
What is Internal respiration?
It is the exchange of gases between systemic tissue capillaries and systemic tissue cells.
how does blood transport it gases?
Between the lungs and body tissues.
How much O2 in the blood is bound to haemoglobin?
98.5%
