Cells Flashcards
What is a cell?
It is a living structural and functional unit that is enclosed by a membrane.
What are the 3 main parts to a cell?
1) Plasma membrane
2) Cytoplasm – cytosol and organelles
3) Nucleus
What does the cell membrane do?
regulates the flow of materials into and out of a cell to maintain a stable environment for normal cellular activities.
What does the cell membrane play a key role in?
The communication among cells and between cells and their external environment.
What is a cell membrane mostly composed of?
A lipid bilayer, two tail-to-tail layers made up of three types of lipid molecules
What are the 3 types of lipid molecules?
1) Phospholipids
2) cholesterol,
3) glycolipids
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It allows somesubstances to move into and out of the cell butrestrictsthe passage of othersubstances.
Where is Intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Fluid in body cells
Where is Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
surrounds the brain and spinal cord
Where is Extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Fluid Outside the cells
Where is interstitial Fluid?
Between cells in the tissues
Where is Blood plasma?
In the Blood vessels
Where is lymph?
In lymphatic Vessels
What is Solute?
Any material dissolved in a fluid
What is Solvent?
Fluid that dissolves materials
What are the 2 methods that a cell can move across the cell membrane?
Active transport and Passive transport
What is active transport?
Requires energy from the cell to ‘push’ the substance against the concentration gradient i.e. from low concentration to high
What is Passive Transport?
Substances move along the concentration gradient through the cell membrane i.e. from high concentration to low
What is Diffusion?
It is a passive process in which a substance moves due to its kinetic energy. Areas of high concentration move to areas of low concentration.
What is Simple diffusion?
when substances diffuse across a membrane through the lipid bilayer. Lipid-soluble substances that move across membranes by simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer include fatty acids, steroids, fat-soluble vitamins, oxygen, carbon dioxide.
What is Osmosis?
It is a passive process in which there is a net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
What are the 2 ways cellular division occurs?
1) Reproductive cell division
2) Somatic cell division
What is Reproductive cell division?
It produces gametes. Such as: sperm and oocytes.
(Each containig 23 Chromasomes)
What is Somatic cell division?
It is the division of a cell intotwo identical cells.
