The Urinary system Flashcards
Where is the erythropoietin produced ?
Kidney
What is modified in the kidney ?
Vitamin D
Where is renin produced ?
Kidney
Division of the kidney
Outer cortex And inner
What does the kidney lobe consist of ?
medullary pyramid, its overlying cortex, and the associated renal column.
Renal columns
Tissue in between the pyramids
Medullary Ray
A region where a portion of the medulla project into the renal cortex
Ducts of Bellini
Large collecting tubules near the apex of the pyramid
Functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
Divisions of the nephron
Glomerulus and uriniferous tubule
Glomerulus
Capillary tuft of the nephron
Bowman’s capsule
Double layered cap surrounding the glomerulus
Renal capsule
Glomerulus and bowman’s capsule
Malpighian corpuscle
Renal corpuscle
What does the bowman capsule lead to ?
PCT
What does the PCT lead to ?
Loop of Henle.
What does the loop of Henle lead to ?
DCT
What does the DCT lead to ?
Collecting duct
Visceral layer of bowman’s capsule
- Inner layer
- consist of podocytes
Parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule
-outer layer
Pedicels
foot like processes on the podocytes
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
The juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
What do the juxtaglomerular cells secrete ?
Renin
Macula densa
specialized cells in the distal convoluted tubule that are sensitive to sodium.
What branches off the interlobular artery?
Afferent arteriole
Blood supply to the glomerulus
Afferent arteriole
What converges to form the efferent arteriole ?
Glomerulus
What is the second capillary network to argue after the deferent arteriole ?
peritubular capillaries
Vasa recta
Straight vessels that arise from some of the efferent arterioles.
Location of the bladder
- within the pelvic cavity
- behind the symphysis pubis
- below the parietal peritoneum
Innermost portion of the urinary bladder
mucosa
Transitional epithelium
domed shaped cells on the apical surface
Does the epithelial layer contain blood vessels or lymphatics ?
No
Basement membrane
- Single layer of cells
- separates the epithelium from the connective tissue
Lamina Propria
- epithelium that lies upon connective tissue
- composed of areolar connective tissue.
- contains blood vessels, nerves, and, in some regions, glands.
where does the lamina propria and submucosa tend to merge ?
urinary sites because they have no muscular mucosae
Layers of the muscular of the bladder
inner longitudinal, middle circlular, and outer longitudinal.
Detrusor muscle
Smooth muscle of the bladder
Mucosa
epithelium, transitional epithelium, mucosal surface, transitional mucosa, urothelium
Lamina propria
subepithelial tissue, stroma, submucosa, suburothelial connective tissue
Muscularis
muscularis externa, smooth muscle, muscle, muscularis propria
Urethra
tube -like structure which urine leaves the bladder
Wall of the urethra
smooth muscle
Sphincters of the urethra
Internal sphincter and external urethral sphincter
Internal urethral sphincter
- At the start of the urethra
- smooth muscle
External urethral sphincter
-Composed of skeletal muscle
Female urethra
- short
- lining = psuedostratified columnar epithelium & stratified squamous
Male urethra
- Longer
- Functions as a conduit for urine and semen
Three sections of the male urethra
prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy (penile) urethra.
Prostatic urethra
- First portion of the male urethra
- transitional epithelium
Membranous Urethra
- 2nd portion
- psuedostratified columnar epithelium
Spongy urethra
- 3rd part
- penile urethra
- longest
- travels through the corpus spongiosum of the penis
- psuedostratified columnar epithelium which then transitions to stratified squamous epithelium distally.
Ureter
- muscular tube
- 25 to 28 cm long
Layers of tissue of the ureter
Fibrous coat
muscular coat
mucosa
