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Histology Class MD1 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine system

A
  • Ductless system

- non-localized response

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2
Q

Hormones that are proteins

A

Insulin and prolactin

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3
Q

Hormones which are peptide chains

A

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

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4
Q

Steroid hormones

A
  • Cholesterol derivatives

- Testosterone & estradiol

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5
Q

Catecholamines

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

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6
Q

What is known as the master gland?

A

Pituitary gland

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7
Q

what connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus ?

A

Infundibulum

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8
Q

Subdivisions of the pituitary

A

Neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis

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9
Q

divisions of the neurohypophysis

A

pars nervosa, infundibular stalk, and median eminence

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10
Q

Posterior lobe of the neurohypophysis

A

Pars nervosa

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11
Q

Hormones secreted by the neurohypophysis

A

Oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone

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12
Q

subdivisions of the adenohypophysis

A

pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis

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13
Q

Anterior lobe of the pituitary

A

par distalis

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14
Q

what secretes tropic hormones

A

Adenohyophysis

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15
Q

Cell types in the pars distills

A
  • Lactropic cells
  • thyrotropic
  • somatotropic
  • coricotrophic
  • gonadotropic
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16
Q

Lactotropic

A

Secretes prolactin

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17
Q

Thyrotropic cells

A

secretes thyroid stimulating hormones

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18
Q

Somatotropic cells

A

secrete growth hormone

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19
Q

corticotropin cells

A

Secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone & melanocyte-simulating hormone

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20
Q

Gonadotropic cells

A

secrete follicle stipulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

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21
Q

Classification of cells of the anterior pituitary

A

acidophils or basophils

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22
Q

Acidophils

A
  • Somatortophic & lactotropic

- secretes growth hormone and prolactin

23
Q

Basophils

A
  • gonadotropic cells, corticotropic cells and thyrotropic cells.
  • secrete FSH, LH, ACTH, and TSH.
24
Q

Pineal gland

A

-Secretes melatonin

25
Q

Cells of the pineal glands

A

Pinealocytes

26
Q

‘brain sand”

A

Corpora arenacea

27
Q

Corpora arenacea

A

calcification seen in the pineal gland

28
Q

Thyroid gland

A

-secretes the thyroid hormones and calcitonin

29
Q

Cells of the thyroid

A

follicular cells and parafollicular cells

30
Q

C-cells

A
  • Parafollicular cells

- secrete calcinin

31
Q

Parathyroid

A

contains two cell types : principal and oxyphyil cells

32
Q

Pancreas

A

-both endocrine and exocrine

33
Q

Endocrine portion of the pancreas

A

-Housed in the islets of langergans

34
Q

Islets of langerhans

A

-most numerous in the tail of pancreas

contains alpha, beta and delta cells

35
Q

Alpha cells

A

secretes glucagon

36
Q

Beta cells

A

Secretes insulin

37
Q

Delta cells

A

secretes somatostatin

38
Q

Acini

A

exocrine portion of the pancreas

39
Q

Adrenal glands

A

-composed of the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla

40
Q

layers of the adrenal cortex

A

zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis

41
Q

Name the products of the layers of the adrenal cortex

A

zona glomerulosa=principle products
zona fasciculata=glycocorticoids
zona reticularis = sex steroids

42
Q

cells of the adrenal medulla

A

Chromaffin cells

43
Q

What do chromatin cells secrete ?

A

They secrete the catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine).

44
Q

Sertoli cells

A
  • produce inhibin and androgen-binding protein

- sustentacular cells or nurse cells

45
Q

The interstitial cells of Leydig

A

-produce testosterone

46
Q

Ovary

A

Secrete estrogen and progesterone

47
Q

Placenta

A

Secretes human chorionic gonadotropin

48
Q

Thymus

A

Produces thymosin

49
Q

Stomach

A
  • Produces gastrin

- gastrin stimulates the production of HCl and pesin

50
Q

Small intestines

A

-secretin and CCK produces here

51
Q

Secretin

A

-stimuates the pancreas to produce bicarbonate

52
Q

CCK

A

Stimulates gallbladder contraction and the pancreas to secrete digestive enzyme

53
Q

Heart

A

Specialized cells produce atrial natriiuretic hormone, or atriopeptin.

Histology Class MD1 (19 decks)

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