The trigeminal nerve

Question 1

What are the two umbrella classifications of nerve fibres?

Answer 1

• Sensory
• Motor

Question 2

What are the two types of motor fibre transmission?

Answer 2

• to involuntary muscles (heart)
• to voluntary muscles (mastication)

Question 3

What is cranial nerve V?

Answer 3

The trigeminal nerve

Question 4

what is the largest and most important cranial nerve?

Answer 4

The trigeminal nerve

Question 5

What types of fibres does the trigeminal nerve have?

Answer 5

Both sensory and motor

Question 6

What is the principal general sensory nerve for the head?

Answer 6

The trigeminal nerve

Question 7

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 7

• Ophthalmic
• Maxillary
• Mandibular

Question 8

What is the smallest division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 8

The ophthalmic nerve

Question 9

Describe the opthalmic nerve.

Answer 9

• mostly sensory
• leaves trigeminal ganglion and enters orbit through the superior orbital fissure
• has three additional divisions (frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary)

Question 10

What is the second division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 10

The maxillary nerve

Question 11

What does the maxillary nerve supply?

Answer 11

• Mostly sensory
• maxilla & skin, maxillary sinuses, nasal cavity, palate, nasopharynx, dura mater

Question 12

Where does the maxillary nerve exit the skull?

Answer 12

The foramen rotundum in the sphenoid bone

Question 13

What joins up with the maxillary nerve as it enters the trigeminal ganglion?

Answer 13

The meningeal branches from the dura mater

Question 14

What are the five sub-branches of the maxillary nerve?

Answer 14

• zygomatic nerve (primarily sensory)
• infraorbital nerve (sensory)
• nasopalatine nerve (sensory)
• greater palatine (sensory)
• lesser palatine (sensory)

Question 15

What does the nasopalatine nerve supply?

Answer 15

• anterior hard palate
• maxillary anterior teeth
• tissues of the nasal septum
  (all sensory)

Question 16

Describe the greater palatine nerve.

Answer 16

• Sensory nerve for
• posterior hard palate
• posterior lingual gingiva

Question 17

Describe the lesser palatine nerve.

Answer 17

• Sensory nerve for
• soft palate and palatine tonsils

Question 18

What are the dental branches of the maxillary nerve?

Answer 18

• Anterior superior alveolar
• Middle superior alveolar
• Posterior superior alveolar

Question 19

What does the ASA nerve supply?

Answer 19

• maxillary anterior teeth
• facial gingiva

Question 20

What does the MSA nerve supply?

Answer 20

• upper premolars
• Mesiobuccal root of upper 1st molar (important)
• sinus mucosa
• buccal gingiva

Question 21

What does the PSA supply?

Answer 21

• upper molars (2nd and 3rd)
• maxillary sinuses

Question 22

What is the largest division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 22

The mandibular nerve

Question 23

What is the mandibular nerve composed of?

Answer 23

• Large sensory root
• Small motor root

Question 24

What is the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve composed of?

Answer 24

• Long buccal nerve
• Muscular branches

Question 25

What is the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve composed of?

Answer 25

- Auriculotemporal nerve - Inferior alveolar nerve - Lingual nerve (P-AIL)

Question 26

Describe the buccal (mandibular) nerve | and where is it located

Answer 26

Sensory - Supplies buccal mucosa, skin of cheek, buccal gingiva - located on buccinator but doesnt innervate

Question 27

What are the muscular branches of the mandibular nerve?

Answer 27

All motor: - Masseteric nerve - Lateral pterygoid nerve - Deep temporal nerve mld (me lady)

Question 28

Describe the auriculotemporal (mandibular) nerve | and fibres it carries

Answer 28

Sensory nerve for external ear, skin of scalp, tmj - Carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibres to the parotid gland

Question 29

Describe the lingual nerve

Answer 29

Sensory nerve for general sensation of body of tongue (ant. 2/3), floor of mouth, lingual gingiva.

Question 30

Describe the mylohyoid (mandibular) nerve.

Answer 30

Motor nerve - to mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle

Question 31

Describe the mental (mandibular) nerve. | innervation, path

Answer 31

Sensory nerve for the chin, lower lip, labial mucosa of anterior teeth. Enters through mental foramen.

Question 32

Describe the incisive (mandibular) nerve.

Answer 32

Sensory nerve for mandibular premolars and anterior teeth.

Question 33

What does the incisive nerve merge with? | and where?

Answer 33

The mental nerve to form the IA in the mandibular canal

Question 34

Describe the inferior alveolar nerve. | innervation, what forms it

Answer 34

Sensory nerve for mandibular molars - Formed by mental and incisive nerves

Question 35

What is a trigeminal nerve disorder?

Answer 35

Trigeminal neuralgia

Question 36

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer 36

Nerve pain due to compression or inflammation or degeneration of the trigeminal nerve

Question 37

Where does trigeminal neuralgia occur?

Answer 37

The right side of the head, affects CV2 and 3 more than CV1

Question 38

What are treatments of trigeminal neuralgia? (6)

Answer 38

- Anticonvulsants (carbamazepine) - Botox - Laser surgery - Surgical neurectomy - Radiation therapy - Alcohol injections

Question 39

What does the deep temporal branch of the mandibular nerve innervate? | and what does it pass through

Answer 39

The temporalis muscle passes through the sphenoid bone

Question 40

What does the masseteric branch of the mandibular nerve innervate? | and what does it pass through

Answer 40

The masseter muscle passes through the mandibular notch

Question 41

What does the lateral pterygoid branch of the mandibular nerve innervate?

Answer 41

Both heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle.