the cardiovascular system

Question 1

What does the cardiovascular system do?

Answer 1

• Oxygenates blood in the lungs
• distributes it to the tissues
• removes CO2 from the tissues
• transports it to the lungs to exhale

Question 2

What are some other functions of the CVS?

Answer 2

• Transport of nutrients and hormones
• Removal of metabolic wastes
• infection protection
• thermoregulation
• maintaining fluid balance

Question 3

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 3

four

Question 4

What does the arterial system do?

Answer 4

Carries blood away from the heart

Question 5

What does the capillary system do?

Answer 5

exchanges molecules at the cellular level

Question 6

What does the venous system do?

Answer 6

Carries blood to the heart

Question 7

What system do veins have in place to prevent backflow?

Answer 7

A valve mechanism, absent in most head and neck veins

Question 8

Where is the heart located?

Answer 8

In the mediastinum
- behind the sternum
- in front of the thoracic vertabrae
- 2/3 of mass lies to left

Question 9

What is the outer covering of the heart called and what is its function?

Answer 9

The pericardium
- holds heart and great vessels in place, helps to lubricate and protect heart

Question 10

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

Answer 10

• Fibrous pericardium
• Serous pericardium (Parietal and visceral)

Question 11

What are the three layers of the wall of the heart?

Answer 11

• epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium

Question 12

What is the epicardium?

Answer 12

The outer covering of the heart

Question 13

What is the myocardium?

Answer 13

• The thick, contractile middle layer of the heart
• Includes the cardiac muscles, branched and striated, fatigue free

Question 14

What is the endocardium?

Answer 14

• The endothelial lining (innermost layer)
• Inward folding forms the cusps of major valves

Question 15

What does the right pump do?

Answer 15

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs

Question 16

What does the left pump do?

Answer 16

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it to the body

Question 17

How many atria are there?

Answer 17

2

Question 18

How many ventricles are there?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

What separates the two atria?

Answer 19

the interatrial septum

Question 20

What separates the two ventricles?

Answer 20

The interventricular septum

Question 21

What separates the atria from the ventricles?

Answer 21

The atrioventricular septa

Question 22

What are the atria?

Answer 22

The recieving chambers

Question 23

Where does the right atrium recieve blood from?

Answer 23

• superior vena cava
• inferior vena cava
• cardiac veins

Question 24

Where does the left atrium receive blood from

Answer 24

• pulmonary veins

Question 25

How many ventricles are there?

Answer 25

2

Question 26

What are the ventricles?

Answer 26

The pumping chambers, have thicker walls than atriums

Question 27

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?

Answer 27

The pulmonary arteries (lungs, pulmnonary circulation)

Question 28

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?

Answer 28

• Aorta
• Coronary arteries (body, systemic circulation)

Question 29

What are the four heart valves?

Answer 29

• Tricuspid
• bicuspid (mitral)
• pulmonary
• aortic

Question 30

What arteries supply the heart muscles?

Answer 30

The coronary arteries

Question 31

What is coronary artery disease?

Answer 31

Occlusion of a major coronary artery
- complete: myocardial infarction (heart attack
- incomplete: angina (chest pain when exerting)

Question 32

What drains blood from the cardiac walls?

Answer 32

Cardiac veins
- then return to coronary sinus, opens into right atrium

Question 33

What node receives contractile stimuli?

Answer 33

The AV node

Question 34

How does the AV node work?

Answer 34

Receives contractile stimuli
depolarizes
current passes down conducting fibres through interventricular septum to the base of the heart
then upwards in the ventricles

Question 35

How does stimulation of the parasympathetic system affect the heart?

Answer 35

• Decreases heart rate
• Reduces force of contraction

Question 36

How does stimulation of the sympathetic system affect the heart?

Answer 36

• Increases heart rate
• Increases the force of contraction

Question 37

How does the blood circulatory system go?

Answer 37

aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava

Question 38

What are the three divisions of the arterial system?

Answer 38

• Elastic arteries
• Muscular arteries
• Arterioles

Question 39

What is the capillary system responsible for?

Answer 39

• providing nutrients and oxygen to tissue
• absorbing nutrients, waste products, CO2
• Excretion of waste from body

Question 40

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 40

the narrowing of arteries due to plaque

Question 41

What is thrombus?

Answer 41

A clot on the inner vessel wall
- travels as embolus if dislodged
- can occlude blood vessel causing stroke, heart attack, tissue destruction, spread of infection

Question 42

What cardiac conditions require antibiotic prophylaxis?

Answer 42

• prosthetic heart valves
• Rheumatic valvular heart disease
• Previous endocarditis
• Unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease
• Surgical or catheter repair of congenital heart disease (within 6 months)