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102 > Spread of infection > Flashcards

Spread of infection Flashcards

1
Q

Two main modes of spread of odontogenic infection?

A
  • Direct spread (through tissues/fascial spaces)
  • Indirect spread (through blood/lymphatics)
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2
Q

What is the direct path of spread from the tooth? (6)

A

pulpal chamber-periodontal structures-alveolar bone- soft tissues- primary fascial spaces- secondary fascial spaces

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3
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of the sinuses

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of odontogenic sinusitis? (5)

A
  • pressure/pain
  • nasal congestion
  • post nasal drip
  • foul smelling or tasting discharge
  • fever, weakness
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5
Q

What is the risk associated with sinusitis?

A

Infection can travel to other sinuses and potentially to the cranial cavity and brain

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6
Q

What are some factors affecting spread of odontogenic infection? (4)

A
  • Host defences
  • Virulence of microorganism
  • Thickness of bone
  • Proximity of root apex
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7
Q

What are the maxillary primary fascial spaces? (4)

A
  • Vestibular space
  • Palatal space
  • Canine space
  • Buccal space
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8
Q

What are the mandibular primary fascial spaces? (6)

A
  • Vestibular space
  • Buccal space
  • Submental space
  • Sublingual space
  • Submandibular space
  • Pterygomandibular space
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9
Q

What teeth spread to vestibular space?

A

All teeth

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10
Q

What teeth spread to palatal space?

A

All teeth particularly lateral incisors and palatal roots of molars

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11
Q

What teeth spread to canine space?

A

Maxillary canines and 1st premolars

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12
Q

What teeth spread to buccal space?

A

Premolars and molars

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13
Q

What teeth spread to submental space?

A

Mandibular incisors

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14
Q

What teeth spread to sublingual space?

A

Mandibular premolars and molars

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15
Q

What teeth spread to submandibular space?

A

Mandibular molars

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16
Q

What teeth spread to pterygomandibular space?

A

mandibular 3rd molars

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17
Q

What is an abcess?

A

A localised entrapment of pathogens in a well circumscribed area. These are filled with pus and the pus will travel through the path of least resistance to form the lesion.

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18
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Inflammation or swelling of the bone (alveolar) marrow. This is uncommon in the jaw.

19
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Diffuse inflammation of soft tissue spaces.

20
Q

What are some symptoms of cellulitis? (4)

A
  • Firm swelling
  • Pain
  • Redness
  • Dysphasia
21
Q

What is the outcome of cellulitis?

A
  • May confine to a tissue space to form an abcess
  • Can spread to multiple spaces-Ludwig’s angina
22
Q

How is cellulitis treated?

A
  • Removal of cause
  • Antibiotics
23
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis? (3)

A
  • Xray evidence of bone sequestration
  • Tingling or numbness in lower lip
  • Multiple discharging sinuses
24
Q

What is the outcome of osteomyelitis?

A

Bone resorption and formation of sequestra

25
Q

What is the treatment process of osteomyelitis?

A
  • Removal of cause
  • Removal of sequestra
  • Antibiotics
  • Hyperbaric oxygen
26
Q

What can an dentoalveolar abcess lead to?

A

Fistula/stoma formation

27
Q

What are some treatments of dentoalveolar abcesses?

A
  • Restoration or extraction
  • Surgical drainage
  • Moist heat packs
  • Mouth rinses
  • Antibiotics
28
Q

What are some types of dentoalveolar abcesses?

A
  • Periapical
  • Gingival
  • Periodontal
  • Periocoronal
29
Q

What is a fistula?

A

A tract caused by a chronic abcess

30
Q

What is bacteraemia/septicaemia?

A

When bacteria enters the blood circulation. This may cause issues in high risk patients as bacteria may lodge in compromised tissues

31
Q

Why is antibiotic prophylaxis used in high risk patients?

A

To prevent bacteraemia or septicaemia and therefore infective carditis

32
Q

What is lymphadenopathy?

A

Swelling/inflammation of lymph nodes

33
Q

What is cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

When an infected thrombus lodges in the cavernous sinus on the side of the sphenoid bone.

34
Q

Where can infection spread to the cavernous sinus from? (4)

A
  • The infratemporal space- needle
  • The upper lip
  • The canine fossa
  • Dangerous triangle of the face
35
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis? (4)

A
  • Fever, drowsiness
  • Oedema in the eye lids, tearing
  • Loss of vision
  • Pressure headaches
36
Q

What can cavernous sinus thrombosis lead to?

A

Meningitis- death
hence why immediate hospitalisation and IV antibiotics is necessary

37
Q

What is Ludwig’s angina?

A

A potentially life threatening, fast moving cellulitis involving bilateral submental, sublingual, submandibular spaces

38
Q

Spread from where causes ludwig’s angina?

A

Mandibular teeth, piercings

39
Q

What is the risk associated with Ludwigs angina?

A

Spread to parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal space, causing oedema of the larynx and raising of the tongue blocking the airway completely- death

40
Q

What are the symptoms of ludwig’s angina?

A
  • High fever
  • Difficulty with speech, swallowing, breathing
41
Q

How can spread of odontogenic infection be prevented?

A
  • Thorough medical history taking before any treatment
  • Strict adherence to infection control measures
  • Early diagnosis and proper treatment
42
Q

How can infection spread by blood vascular system?

A

Pathogens travelling in veins

43
Q

When can bacteraemia be caused?

A

During dental treatment or while draining an infected oral site. Bacteria may lodge in compromised tissues and set up serious infections.

44
Q

How

A

102 (19 decks)

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