The Thorax and Chest Wall

Question 1

sternum

Answer 1

an osseus protective plate for the heart

sternum forms a posterioly concave angle of aprox 160 deg

Question 2

vertbrosternal ribs (true )

Answer 2

ribs 1-7 and attatch to sternum

Question 3

vertebrocondral ribs (false)

Answer 3

ribs 8-10 articulate with costocartilage of the rib above it

ribs 11 and 12 have no attatchments

Question 4

what type of joint is a costovertebral joint ?

Answer 4

synovial

Question 5

what are the movements of the ribs and manubrium?

Answer 5

elevation and depression

Question 6

Kinematics of upper ribs

Answer 6

little movement at first rib at its manubrium attatchemnt

ribs 2-7 are a pump handle movement

Question 7

kinematics of lower ribs

Answer 7

ribs 8-10 are th bucket handle movement

ribs 11 and 12 do not participate in closed chain movements of the thorax

Question 8

Diaphram

Answer 8

primary muscle of ventilation

70 to 80 % of force during breathing at rest

compossed of circular set of muscle fibers that arise from the sternum, ribs, and Vert bodies

Question 9

internal and external costals
subcostal muscles

Answer 9

stabilize the rib cage and assist in inhalation

Question 10

Scalenes

Answer 10

lifts the first 2 ribs and stabilize the rib cage

Question 11

What are the accessory muscles of inhalation and their function?

Answer 11

the muscles that attatch to the rib cage to the shoulder girdle, head , VC , or pelvis

assist with inhalation or exhalation in situations of stress —– increased activity or disease

Question 12

what is the difference in chest from adult to child?

Answer 12

compliant chest wall that allows the distortion necessary for infants thorax to travel through the birth canal

this comes to the expense of thoracic stability

Question 13

What is the difference between adults and elderly ?

Answer 13

chest wall compliance is reduced with age ( stiff)

airways narrow and alveolar sacs lose surface area for gas exchange