The Thorax

Question 1

the thorax is the area between the ___ and the ____

Answer 1

neck
abdomen

Question 2

framework of thorax (3)

Answer 2

bones muscles cartilges

Question 3

main functions of thorax (3)

Answer 3

respiration
protection of vital organs of chest
pathway

Question 4

thoracic cage formed by (ant, lat, post)

Answer 4

sternum and costal cartilages (ant)
ribs and intervertebral spaces (lat)
vertebral column (12 thoracic) (post)

Question 5

sternum (what/parts)

Answer 5

anterior thoracic bone
manubrium: sup, square
hinge for resp between M/B
body: long/narrow, ribs attach to lateral
xiphoid: small inf tip

Question 6

suprasternal/jugular notch

Answer 6

central depression
located on sup surface of manubrium (sternum)

Question 7

sternal angle

Answer 7

hinge joint
palpable ridge approximately 5cm below notch
level of aortic notch

Question 8

xiphoid process

Answer 8

located where right/left costal margins meet

Question 9

ribs (number/what)

Answer 9

7 true: connect directly with sternum
3 false: indirectly connect with sternum by costal cartilage articulate with each rib above
2 floating: no ant attachment

sometimes false + floating are all just called 5 false

Question 10

thoracic cavity 3 parts

Answer 10

2 pleural (lungs)
mediastinum (heart)

Question 11

thoracic inlet (what/what passes through)

Answer 11

superior thoracic aperture (AKA thoracic inlet)
pass through: trachea/esophagus, arteries/veins, nerves/lymph, apex of lungs

Question 12

thoracic outlet is ___ than inlet

Answer 12

larger

Question 13

____ forms the partition between the thorax and the abdomen

Answer 13

diaphragm

Question 14

____ attach the diaphragm to the ___ spine

Answer 14

crura
lumbar

Question 15

anterior muscles of chest (1)

Answer 15

pectoralis muscles

Question 16

posterior muscles of chest (4)

Answer 16

trapezius and latissumus (superifical)
rhomboid and levator scapulae (deep to trapezius)

Question 17

intercostal muscles (function, layers)

Answer 17

allow for expansion/contraction during respiration
3 layers: external, internal, innermost

Question 18

apex of lungs

Answer 18

domed sup portion that projects above inlet

Question 19

base of lungs

Answer 19

inferior aspect
broad
rest on diaphragm; extend lower in back/sides than front

Question 20

hilum of lungs

Answer 20

depression on mediastinal surface where structures enter/exit
(primary bronchi, pulmonary BV/lymph nodes/nerves)

Question 21

bronchi of the lungs

Answer 21

primary: right/left
secondary: Right:3, Left:2
Tertiary: “bronchial tree”, alveoli

Question 22

alveoli

Answer 22

functional unit of the lung, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Question 23

what is the pleura and what are the layers

Answer 23

double membrane sac enclosing the lungs
visceral: inner layer attached to lung
parietal: lines wall of thoracic cavity; adheres to upper diaphragm surface

Question 24

pleural effusion

Answer 24

fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 25

pneumothorax

Answer 25

air in the pleural cavity

Question 26

thymus gland function

Answer 26

immunity

Question 27

thymus gland location

Answer 27

ant to great vessels
post to manubrium (sternum)

Question 28

size of thymus gland

Answer 28

largest during childhood
atrophies with age and almost disappears

Question 29

carina

Answer 29

where trachea bifurcates

Question 30

where does trachea bifurcate

Answer 30

carina