The Heart Flashcards
the heart sits at approximately a ____ angle towards the ____ side
45 degree
left
heart apex orientation/formed by
projects inferior, anterior, and left
formed by left ventricle
base of heart orientation/what sits superiorly
projects sup/post
pulmonary/aortic vessels sit superiorly
2 types of heart valves
atrioventricular
semilunar
each type of valve consists of (2)
a ring/annulus
leaflets
atrioventricular valves (what, blood flows where, open when, names)
are inflow valves
blood flows from atria into ventricles
open during ventricular diastole
tricuspid/mitral (bicuspid) (try before you buy)
semilunar valves (what, blood flows where, open, names)
exit ports of the ventricles
the valves between ventricles/great vessels
contain 3 crescent-shaped cusps
open during ventricular systole
aortic/pulmonary
3 layers of heart wall
epicardium: outer, smooth, thing visceral layer
myocardium: middle, thick, contractile muscle
endocardium: inner, thin membrane lining the chambers
superior vena cava formed by
formed by union of R/L brachiocephalic veins
inferior vena cava formed by
formed by union of common iliac veins
tricuspid valve (between, contains, orientation)
between R atrium/ventricle
contains 3 leaflets/cusps
has a vertical orientation
chordae tendinae/papillary muscles
help to prevent the atrioventricular valves from closes too far back into atrium
located in ventricles
pulmonary valve (what, #leaflets, between, in retrospect to aortic valve)
semilunar valve
3 leaflets
R ventricle to pulmonary artery
anterior to aortic valve
what carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary artery (trunk)
how many pulmonary veins in total, where from, carries
4
sup/inf veins from each lung
carries oxygen-rich blood to left atrium
interatrial septum
divides the atria medially
mitral valve
located between the left atrium/ventricle
bicuspid valve-2 unequal leaflets (ant=larger, post=smaller)
muscle of L ventricle is ___ than right and has _____ pressure
larger
greater
aortic valve (what, # leaflets, between, in retrospect to pulmonary artery)
a semilunar valve
3 leaflets
between the left ventricle and aorta
post to pulmonary artery
3 branches of aortic arch (ant to post)
brachiocephalic artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
coronary arteries (supply what, allow for)
supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscles
allows for continual contraction and relaxation of the heart
where do coronary arteries arise and the names
arise just above the cusps of the aortic valve
R/L coronary artery
pathway of electrical impulse in the heart (5)
SA node (pacemaker in R atrium)
AV node
AV bundle (bundle of His)
AV bundles branch into R/L bundles along the interventricular septum
Purkinje fibers in ventricular muscles
What are the 2 branches of the brachiocephalic artery
right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery
parasternal long axis (marker points, 4 sides of image directions, what part of heart is closest to transducer)
markers slightly towards the patient’s right shoulder
anterior
inferior, superior
posterior
right ventricle is closest to transducer
parasternal short axis (marker points, 4 sides of image directions, where is the picture taken/what different is seen)
marker towards the patient’s left
anterior
right, left
posterior
high up on the heart to see pulmonary artery/aortic valve/descending aorta
apical 4 chamber (marker points, 4 sides of image directions)
marker towards patients left
inferior
right, left
superior
apical 5 chamber (marker points, 4 sides of image directions, see what, move what direction from 4 chamber)
marker towards patients left
inferior
right, left
superior
can see aorta/aortic valve
superiorly
