The Heart

Question 1

the heart sits at approximately a ____ angle towards the ____ side

Answer 1

45 degree
left

Question 2

heart apex orientation/formed by

Answer 2

projects inferior, anterior, and left
formed by left ventricle

Question 3

base of heart orientation/what sits superiorly

Answer 3

projects sup/post
pulmonary/aortic vessels sit superiorly

Question 4

2 types of heart valves

Answer 4

atrioventricular
semilunar

Question 5

each type of valve consists of (2)

Answer 5

a ring/annulus
leaflets

Question 6

atrioventricular valves (what, blood flows where, open when, names)

Answer 6

are inflow valves
blood flows from atria into ventricles
open during ventricular diastole
tricuspid/mitral (bicuspid) (try before you buy)

Question 7

semilunar valves (what, blood flows where, open, names)

Answer 7

exit ports of the ventricles
the valves between ventricles/great vessels
contain 3 crescent-shaped cusps
open during ventricular systole
aortic/pulmonary

Question 8

3 layers of heart wall

Answer 8

epicardium: outer, smooth, thing visceral layer
myocardium: middle, thick, contractile muscle
endocardium: inner, thin membrane lining the chambers

Question 9

superior vena cava formed by

Answer 9

formed by union of R/L brachiocephalic veins

Question 10

inferior vena cava formed by

Answer 10

formed by union of common iliac veins

Question 11

tricuspid valve (between, contains, orientation)

Answer 11

between R atrium/ventricle
contains 3 leaflets/cusps
has a vertical orientation

Question 12

chordae tendinae/papillary muscles

Answer 12

help to prevent the atrioventricular valves from closes too far back into atrium
located in ventricles

Question 13

pulmonary valve (what, #leaflets, between, in retrospect to aortic valve)

Answer 13

semilunar valve
3 leaflets
R ventricle to pulmonary artery
anterior to aortic valve

Question 14

what carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs

Answer 14

pulmonary artery (trunk)

Question 15

how many pulmonary veins in total, where from, carries

Answer 15

4
sup/inf veins from each lung
carries oxygen-rich blood to left atrium

Question 16

interatrial septum

Answer 16

divides the atria medially

Question 17

mitral valve

Answer 17

located between the left atrium/ventricle
bicuspid valve-2 unequal leaflets (ant=larger, post=smaller)

Question 18

muscle of L ventricle is ___ than right and has _____ pressure

Answer 18

larger
greater

Question 19

aortic valve (what, # leaflets, between, in retrospect to pulmonary artery)

Answer 19

a semilunar valve
3 leaflets
between the left ventricle and aorta
post to pulmonary artery

Question 20

3 branches of aortic arch (ant to post)

Answer 20

brachiocephalic artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

Question 21

coronary arteries (supply what, allow for)

Answer 21

supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscles
allows for continual contraction and relaxation of the heart

Question 22

where do coronary arteries arise and the names

Answer 22

arise just above the cusps of the aortic valve
R/L coronary artery

Question 23

pathway of electrical impulse in the heart (5)

Answer 23

SA node (pacemaker in R atrium)
AV node
AV bundle (bundle of His)
AV bundles branch into R/L bundles along the interventricular septum
Purkinje fibers in ventricular muscles

Question 24

What are the 2 branches of the brachiocephalic artery

Answer 24

right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery

Question 25

parasternal long axis (marker points, 4 sides of image directions, what part of heart is closest to transducer)

Answer 25

markers slightly towards the patient’s right shoulder

anterior
inferior, superior
posterior

right ventricle is closest to transducer

Question 26

parasternal short axis (marker points, 4 sides of image directions, where is the picture taken/what different is seen)

Answer 26

marker towards the patient’s left

anterior
right, left
posterior

high up on the heart to see pulmonary artery/aortic valve/descending aorta

Question 27

apical 4 chamber (marker points, 4 sides of image directions)

Answer 27

marker towards patients left

inferior
right, left
superior

Question 28

apical 5 chamber (marker points, 4 sides of image directions, see what, move what direction from 4 chamber)

Answer 28

marker towards patients left

inferior
right, left
superior

can see aorta/aortic valve

superiorly