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Sectional Anatomy > The Kidneys And Adrenals > Flashcards

The Kidneys And Adrenals Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of kidneys

A

Maintain chemical balance(water.electrolytes BP regulation, pH balance)

Excretes liquid waste prodcuts

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2
Q

In relation to spine, where are the kidneys located (what spine number)

A

T12-L4

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3
Q

Length of kidneys

A

9-12 cm

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4
Q

Kidneys in respect to peritoneum

A

Retroperitoneal

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5
Q

Are R/ L kidneys always same size

A

No

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6
Q

Kidneys are ____ to spine aorta and ivc

A

Lateral

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7
Q

Kidneys are ______ to psoas muscle

A

Anterolateral

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8
Q

Kidneys are _____ to quadratus lumborum muscle

A

Anterior

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9
Q

Poles of kidneys position

A

Upper pole is post/medial to lower pole

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10
Q

Renal parenchyma

A

Contains cortex and medulla (no capsule/sinus)

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11
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outer parenchyma
Has renal column
Contains functional units

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12
Q

What are the functional units of the kidney/ whet are they located

A

Nephrons in cortex

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13
Q

Renal columns AKA/location

A

Columns of Bertin
Cortex extending between pyramids

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14
Q

Medulla AKA

A

Pyramids, medullary pyramids

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15
Q

Medulla appearance on ultrasound

A

Hypoechoic

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16
Q

Medulla shape/how many

A

Triangular (base:towards cortex, apex: towards sinus)
8-18

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17
Q

Renal sinus includes (4)

A

Minor calyces
Major calyces
Renal pelvis
Vessels

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18
Q

Renal pelvis appearance on ultrasound

A

Hyperechoic

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19
Q

How many minor/major calyces and where do they receive from

A

8-18 from apex of pyramids
2-3 from minor calyces

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20
Q

Renal pelvis is what

A

Flared portion of upper ureter

21
Q

Renal pelvis is ___ to renal vessels

A

Posterior

22
Q

Renal vein is ____ to renal artery

A

Anterior

23
Q

Ant to post for ureter vein artery in renal sinus

A

Vaginas are ugly
Vein artery ureter

24
Q

4 coverings of kidneys from deep to superficial

A

Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat

25
Q

Renal capsule

A

Outer layer of kidney

26
Q

Renal fascia AKA/location/ attached to

A

Gerota’s fascia
Between perirenal and pararenal fat
Help attach to post abdominal wall

27
Q

Perirenal fat location/continuos fat

A

Between capsule and renal fascia
Continuous with sinus fat

28
Q

Pararenal fat where

A

Superficial to renal fascia

29
Q

Localized bulge on the lateral border of the LEFT kidney

A

Dromedary hump

30
Q

Often indents the renal sinus and occurs in varying degree

A

Hypertrophied Column of Bertin

31
Q

Defect locate at the junction of the upper and middle third of the kidney

A

Parenchyma junctional defect

32
Q

Congenital fusion of the lower poles of the right and left kidneys

A

Horseshoe kidney

33
Q

a kidney located outside of the normal renal fossa

A

ectopic kidney

34
Q

ureters in respect to peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal

35
Q

do ureters increase or decrease in diameter as they travel to the bladder

A

decrease

36
Q

ureters are located ____ to the internal iliac arteries

A

anterior

37
Q

ureters are located ____ to the ovaries in the female pelvis

A

posterior

38
Q

UP junction (full name and what)

A

ureteropelvic junction
between renal pelvis and ureter

39
Q

UV junction (full name and what)

A

ureterovesicular junction
between lower ureters and bladder

40
Q

where do the ureters enter the bladder

A

posterior inferior aspect of the bladder

41
Q

what makes up the trigone of the bladder

A

bladder inlets (2): right and left UVJ
bladder outlets: urethra

42
Q

superior portion of bladder covered by

A

peritoneum

43
Q

adrenal glands in respect to peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal

44
Q

adrenal glands in respect to kidneys

A

sit on superior pole
slightly medial

45
Q

adrenal glands separated from kidneys by _____

A

perirenal fat and renal capsule

46
Q

3 parts of adrenal glands

A

capsule
cortex
medulla

47
Q

right adrenal is ______ to IVC and _____ to right liver

A

post and lat
post and med

48
Q

left adrenal is ___ to pancreatic tail, _____ to splenic vessels, _____ to stomach, _____ to aorta

A

post
post
post
lateral

Sectional Anatomy (16 decks)

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