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Anatomy Written 4 > The Thigh > Flashcards

The Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Lower limb is specialized for what

A

locomotion and weight bearing

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2
Q

4 parts of lower limb

A

Gluteal region
Thigh
Leg
Foot

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3
Q

Hip injuries make up what percent of lower limb injuries

A

3%

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4
Q

Femur

A

Directed inferomedially
Longest and heaviest bone
1/4 of a persons height

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5
Q

Proximal Epiphysis of femur

A

Head - projects superomedially and slightly anteriorly

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6
Q

Head of femur is connected to the shaft through…

A

the neck at about 126 degree angle = angle of inclination

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7
Q

Angle is widest when

A

at birth (140) and then diminishes with age and is narrowest at 110 degrees with old age

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8
Q

Angle male vs female

A

Less in females because females have wider hips

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9
Q

Superficial Fascia of thigh

A

lies deep to the skin
continuous with abdominal fascia
Has a lot of fat

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10
Q

Embedded in superficial fascia?

A

Lumbar plexus?

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11
Q

Cutaneous Nerves

A
  1. Genital Branches of Genitofemoral
  2. Femoral Branch of Genitofemoral
  3. Medial Cutaneous branch of femoral
  4. Intermediate cutaneous branch of femoral
  5. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
  6. Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
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12
Q

Genital Branches of Genitofemoral

A

L1 L2
and Ilioinguinal (L1) nerves
Emerge from superficial ring to supply proximal medial thigh
Most branches go to genital region

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13
Q

Femoral Branch of Genitofemoral

A

L1 L2

Supplies skin over the femoral triangle (proximal part of anterior thigh)

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14
Q

Medial Cutaneous Branch of Femoral

A

Supplies skin of medial thigh

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15
Q

Intermediate Cutaneous Branch of Femoral

A

Supplies skin of distal anterior thigh

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16
Q

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

A

L2, L3
Enters thigh medial to ASIS
Supplies lateral thigh, lateral to intermediate cutaneous branch of femoral nerve

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17
Q

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

A

S1 S2 S3
Supplies the posterior thigh and popliteal region
Originates from sacral plexus
Courses inferiorly into the thigh from gluteal region

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18
Q

Superficial Vessels

A

Lite in the superficial fascia immediately below the skin

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19
Q

Superficial Arteries originate from

A

the proximal part of the femoral a

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20
Q

Branches from femoral in superficial fascia

A

Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial external pudendal

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21
Q

Superficial Epigastric Artery

A

Proceeds superiorly to provide the skin over the lower abdominal wall

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22
Q

Superficial Circumflex Iliac artery

A

Proceeds laterally inferior to the inguinal ligament

Parallels the course of the deep circumflex iliac

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23
Q

Veins in superficial thigh

A

Great saphenous vein

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24
Q

Great saphenous vein

A

Foot –> proximal part of thigh
Located in superficial fascia
Has valves

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25
Path of Great Saphenous Vein
Enters the thigh by passing posterior to the medial condyle of the femur Transverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata to emtpy into femoral vein inferior to inguinal ligament
26
Deep Fascia of the thigh purpose
AKA Fascia Lata | Prevents bulging of the muscles
27
Define the deep fascia of the thigh
A dense layer of CT btw the muscles of the thigh and the superficial fascia It is very strong along anterior and lateral parts of thigh
28
Iliotibial Tract
IT band | A lateral thickening of the deep fascia
29
Superiorly the fascia lata is attached to the
``` Inguinal ligament Part so the hip bone (Pubic, iliac crest, ischial tub) Sacrum Coccyx Scarpa's fascia Sacrotuberous ligament ```
30
Inferiorly at the knee joint, fascia lata
continuous with the crural fascia
31
Fascia Lata provides
Intermuscular septa that divide thigh into anterior, medial and posterior compartments
32
All septa attach at the
Linea Aspera | Lateral, Medial, Posterior Intermuscular Septa
33
Anterior Compartment | Action and Innvervation
Flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee | Nerve = Femoral
34
What is in the Anterior Compartment
1. Sartorius 2. Rectus Femoris 3. Vastus Lateralis 4. Vastus Medialis 5. Vastus Intermedius 6. Articularis Genu 7. Psoas Major 8. Iliacus 9. Tensor Fascia Latae
35
Sartorius
ASIS to the superior medial surface of the tibia
36
Rectus Femoris
AIIS to patella
37
Vastus Lateralis
Linea Aspera to patella
38
Vastus Medialis
Lnea Aspera to patella
39
Vastus Intermedius
Body of femur to patella
40
Articularis Genu
Anterior part of femur - synovial membrane of knee
41
Psoas Major
Lumbar vertebrae to lesser trochanter of femur
42
Iliacus
Iliac crest and fossa to lesser trochanter of femur
43
Tensor Fascia Latae
ASIS to iliotibial tract
44
Medial Compartment Action and Innervation
Adductors | Obturator Nerve
45
What muscles are in the medial compartment
1. Pectineus 2. Adductor Longus 3. Adductor Brevis 4. Adductor Magnus 5. Gracilis 6. Obturator Externus
46
Pectineus
Superior ramus of pubis - pectineal line of femur | Innervated by femoral and obturator
47
Adductor Longus
Body of pubic bone - linea aspera
48
Adductor Brevis
Inferior ramus of pubic bone - linea aspera
49
Adductor part of Adductor Magnus
Ischiopubic ramus - linea aspera | Supplied by obturator
50
Hamstring part of Adductor Magnus
Ischial tuberosity - adductor tubercle of femur | Supplied by tibial nerve
51
Gracilis
Inferior ramus of pubis - superior part of medial surface of tibia
52
Obturator Externus
Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane - trochanteric fossa of femur
53
Posterior Compartment | Action and innervation
``` Hamstring muscles (except short head of biceps femoris) Act on two joints - extends hip and flexes knee Tibial Nerve innervation ```
54
What muscles are in the posterior compartment
Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
55
Biceps Femoris Long Head
Ischial tuberosity - fibular head | Tibial Nerve
56
Biceps Femoris Short Head
Linea Aspera - fibular head | Common Peroneal Nerve
57
Semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity - medial surface of upper tibia
58
Semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity - medial tibial condyle
59
Where is the femoral triangle
proximal part of anterior compartment
60
``` Boundaries of femoral tri Superior Medial Lateral Base Apex Roof Floor ```
``` Sup = inguinal ligament Med = med border of add longus Lat = med border of sartorius Base = inguinal ligament Apex = where sart crosses longu Roof = fascia lata Floor = iliopsoas and pectineus ```
61
Contents in femoral triangle
``` Femoral artery and branches Femoral vein and branches Femoral nerve and branches Lymphatic vessels and nodes Femoral Sheath ```
62
Femoral Sheath
Funnel shaped fascial tube with 3 compartments | Lateral, Intermediate, Medial (femoral canal)
63
Femoral Hernias
Usually originate from femoral ring
64
Adductor Canal
About 15 cm long | Extends from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus in adductor magnus muscle
65
Boundaries of adductor canal Anteromedial Lateral Posterior
``` Antero = sartorius Lateral = vastus medialis Post = adductor longus and magnus ```
66
Contents in the Adductor Canal
Femoral artery and vein Saphenous nerve Nerve to vastus medialis
67
Femoral Nerve
``` L2-L4 Largest branch of lumbar plexus Deep to inguinal ligament NOT in sheath Lies lateral to femoral artery Breaks up into sensory and motor branches while in triangle ```
68
Sensory Branches from femoral nerve
1. Medial femoral cutaneous 2. Intermediate femoral cutaneous 3. Saphenous
69
Saphenous nerve
Travels through adductor canal and leaves canal at its lower end to innervate the skin of leg and foot
70
Motor branches of femoral go to which muscles
Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Articularis Genu Pectineus (also gets obturator branch)
71
Obturator Nerve
Divides into anterior and posterior divisions in obturator foramen
72
Anterior Division of Obturator Nerve | Location and muscles it innervates
Located btw adductor longus and brevis | Supplies adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis and part of pectineus
73
Posterior Division of Obturator Nerve | Location and muscles it innervates
Located btw adductor brevis and magnus | Supplies obturator externus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus
74
Femoral Artery
Continuation of external iliac artery | Enters thigh by passing below inguinal ligament, lateral to femoral vein
75
Branches in thigh
``` Superficial circumflex iliac Superficial epigastric Superficial and deep external pudendal Lateral femoral circumflex Medial femoral circumflex Profunda femoris ```
76
Cruciate Anastomosis
1st perforating a Medial femoral circumflex a Lateral femoral circumflex a Inferior gluteal a
77
Obturator Artery
Branch of the internal iliac artery
78
Popliteal Fossa
Fat filled - diamond space at back of the knee
79
``` Boundaries of popliteal fossa Interomedial and inferolateral Superolateral Superomedial Floor ```
Intero - Gastrocnemius Superolat - Biceps femoris Superomed - Semimembranosus tendon Floor - Popliteal surface of femur and posterior knee ligaments
80
Contents in the popliteal fossa
``` Temination of small saphenous vein Popliteal vessels and branches Tibial and common peroneal nerves Post cutaneous nerve of thigh Popliteal lymph nodes and vessels ```

Anatomy Written 4 (9 decks)

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