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Anatomy Written 4 > The Thigh > Flashcards

The Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Lower limb is specialized for what

A

locomotion and weight bearing

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2
Q

4 parts of lower limb

A

Gluteal region
Thigh
Leg
Foot

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3
Q

Hip injuries make up what percent of lower limb injuries

A

3%

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4
Q

Femur

A

Directed inferomedially
Longest and heaviest bone
1/4 of a persons height

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5
Q

Proximal Epiphysis of femur

A

Head - projects superomedially and slightly anteriorly

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6
Q

Head of femur is connected to the shaft through…

A

the neck at about 126 degree angle = angle of inclination

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7
Q

Angle is widest when

A

at birth (140) and then diminishes with age and is narrowest at 110 degrees with old age

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8
Q

Angle male vs female

A

Less in females because females have wider hips

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9
Q

Superficial Fascia of thigh

A

lies deep to the skin
continuous with abdominal fascia
Has a lot of fat

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10
Q

Embedded in superficial fascia?

A

Lumbar plexus?

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11
Q

Cutaneous Nerves

A
  1. Genital Branches of Genitofemoral
  2. Femoral Branch of Genitofemoral
  3. Medial Cutaneous branch of femoral
  4. Intermediate cutaneous branch of femoral
  5. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
  6. Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
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12
Q

Genital Branches of Genitofemoral

A

L1 L2
and Ilioinguinal (L1) nerves
Emerge from superficial ring to supply proximal medial thigh
Most branches go to genital region

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13
Q

Femoral Branch of Genitofemoral

A

L1 L2

Supplies skin over the femoral triangle (proximal part of anterior thigh)

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14
Q

Medial Cutaneous Branch of Femoral

A

Supplies skin of medial thigh

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15
Q

Intermediate Cutaneous Branch of Femoral

A

Supplies skin of distal anterior thigh

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16
Q

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

A

L2, L3
Enters thigh medial to ASIS
Supplies lateral thigh, lateral to intermediate cutaneous branch of femoral nerve

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17
Q

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

A

S1 S2 S3
Supplies the posterior thigh and popliteal region
Originates from sacral plexus
Courses inferiorly into the thigh from gluteal region

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18
Q

Superficial Vessels

A

Lite in the superficial fascia immediately below the skin

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19
Q

Superficial Arteries originate from

A

the proximal part of the femoral a

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20
Q

Branches from femoral in superficial fascia

A

Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial external pudendal

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21
Q

Superficial Epigastric Artery

A

Proceeds superiorly to provide the skin over the lower abdominal wall

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22
Q

Superficial Circumflex Iliac artery

A

Proceeds laterally inferior to the inguinal ligament

Parallels the course of the deep circumflex iliac

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23
Q

Veins in superficial thigh

A

Great saphenous vein

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24
Q

Great saphenous vein

A

Foot –> proximal part of thigh
Located in superficial fascia
Has valves

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25
Q

Path of Great Saphenous Vein

A

Enters the thigh by passing posterior to the medial condyle of the femur
Transverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata to emtpy into femoral vein inferior to inguinal ligament

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26
Q

Deep Fascia of the thigh purpose

A

AKA Fascia Lata

Prevents bulging of the muscles

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27
Q

Define the deep fascia of the thigh

A

A dense layer of CT btw the muscles of the thigh and the superficial fascia
It is very strong along anterior and lateral parts of thigh

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28
Q

Iliotibial Tract

A

IT band

A lateral thickening of the deep fascia

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29
Q

Superiorly the fascia lata is attached to the

A 
Inguinal ligament 
Part so the hip bone (Pubic, iliac crest, ischial tub)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Scarpa's fascia
Sacrotuberous ligament
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30
Q

Inferiorly at the knee joint, fascia lata

A

continuous with the crural fascia

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31
Q

Fascia Lata provides

A

Intermuscular septa that divide thigh into anterior, medial and posterior compartments

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32
Q

All septa attach at the

A

Linea Aspera

Lateral, Medial, Posterior Intermuscular Septa

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33
Q

Anterior Compartment

Action and Innvervation

A

Flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee

Nerve = Femoral

34
Q

What is in the Anterior Compartment

A
  1. Sartorius
  2. Rectus Femoris
  3. Vastus Lateralis
  4. Vastus Medialis
  5. Vastus Intermedius
  6. Articularis Genu
  7. Psoas Major
  8. Iliacus
  9. Tensor Fascia Latae
35
Q

Sartorius

A

ASIS to the superior medial surface of the tibia

36
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

AIIS to patella

37
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

Linea Aspera to patella

38
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Lnea Aspera to patella

39
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

Body of femur to patella

40
Q

Articularis Genu

A

Anterior part of femur - synovial membrane of knee

41
Q

Psoas Major

A

Lumbar vertebrae to lesser trochanter of femur

42
Q

Iliacus

A

Iliac crest and fossa to lesser trochanter of femur

43
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae

A

ASIS to iliotibial tract

44
Q

Medial Compartment Action and Innervation

A

Adductors

Obturator Nerve

45
Q

What muscles are in the medial compartment

A
  1. Pectineus
  2. Adductor Longus
  3. Adductor Brevis
  4. Adductor Magnus
  5. Gracilis
  6. Obturator Externus
46
Q

Pectineus

A

Superior ramus of pubis - pectineal line of femur

Innervated by femoral and obturator

47
Q

Adductor Longus

A

Body of pubic bone - linea aspera

48
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

Inferior ramus of pubic bone - linea aspera

49
Q

Adductor part of Adductor Magnus

A

Ischiopubic ramus - linea aspera

Supplied by obturator

50
Q

Hamstring part of Adductor Magnus

A

Ischial tuberosity - adductor tubercle of femur

Supplied by tibial nerve

51
Q

Gracilis

A

Inferior ramus of pubis - superior part of medial surface of tibia

52
Q

Obturator Externus

A

Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane - trochanteric fossa of femur

53
Q

Posterior Compartment

Action and innervation

A 
Hamstring muscles (except short head of biceps femoris)
Act on two joints - extends hip and flexes knee
Tibial Nerve innervation
54
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment

A

Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

55
Q

Biceps Femoris Long Head

A

Ischial tuberosity - fibular head

Tibial Nerve

56
Q

Biceps Femoris Short Head

A

Linea Aspera - fibular head

Common Peroneal Nerve

57
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Ischial tuberosity - medial surface of upper tibia

58
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Ischial tuberosity - medial tibial condyle

59
Q

Where is the femoral triangle

A

proximal part of anterior compartment

60
Q 
Boundaries of femoral tri
Superior
Medial
Lateral
Base
Apex
Roof
Floor
A 
Sup = inguinal ligament
Med = med border of add longus
Lat = med border of sartorius
Base = inguinal ligament
Apex = where sart crosses longu
Roof = fascia lata
Floor = iliopsoas and pectineus
61
Q

Contents in femoral triangle

A 
Femoral artery and branches
Femoral vein and branches 
Femoral nerve and branches
Lymphatic vessels and nodes
Femoral Sheath
62
Q

Femoral Sheath

A

Funnel shaped fascial tube with 3 compartments

Lateral, Intermediate, Medial (femoral canal)

63
Q

Femoral Hernias

A

Usually originate from femoral ring

64
Q

Adductor Canal

A

About 15 cm long

Extends from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus in adductor magnus muscle

65
Q

Boundaries of adductor canal
Anteromedial
Lateral
Posterior

A 
Antero = sartorius 
Lateral = vastus medialis
Post = adductor longus and magnus
66
Q

Contents in the Adductor Canal

A

Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis

67
Q

Femoral Nerve

A 
L2-L4
Largest branch of lumbar plexus
Deep to inguinal ligament 
NOT in sheath
Lies lateral to femoral artery 
Breaks up into sensory and motor branches while in triangle
68
Q

Sensory Branches from femoral nerve

A
  1. Medial femoral cutaneous
  2. Intermediate femoral cutaneous
  3. Saphenous
69
Q

Saphenous nerve

A

Travels through adductor canal and leaves canal at its lower end to innervate the skin of leg and foot

70
Q

Motor branches of femoral go to which muscles

A

Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris
Articularis Genu
Pectineus (also gets obturator branch)

71
Q

Obturator Nerve

A

Divides into anterior and posterior divisions in obturator foramen

72
Q

Anterior Division of Obturator Nerve

Location and muscles it innervates

A

Located btw adductor longus and brevis

Supplies adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis and part of pectineus

73
Q

Posterior Division of Obturator Nerve

Location and muscles it innervates

A

Located btw adductor brevis and magnus

Supplies obturator externus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus

74
Q

Femoral Artery

A

Continuation of external iliac artery

Enters thigh by passing below inguinal ligament, lateral to femoral vein

75
Q

Branches in thigh

A 
Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial epigastric
Superficial and deep external pudendal
Lateral femoral circumflex
Medial femoral circumflex
Profunda femoris
76
Q

Cruciate Anastomosis

A

1st perforating a
Medial femoral circumflex a
Lateral femoral circumflex a
Inferior gluteal a

77
Q

Obturator Artery

A

Branch of the internal iliac artery

78
Q

Popliteal Fossa

A

Fat filled - diamond space at back of the knee

79
Q 
Boundaries of popliteal fossa 
Interomedial and inferolateral
Superolateral
Superomedial 
Floor
A

Intero - Gastrocnemius
Superolat - Biceps femoris
Superomed - Semimembranosus tendon
Floor - Popliteal surface of femur and posterior knee ligaments

80
Q

Contents in the popliteal fossa

A 
Temination of small saphenous vein
Popliteal vessels and branches
Tibial and common peroneal nerves
Post cutaneous nerve of thigh
Popliteal lymph nodes and vessels

Anatomy Written 4 (9 decks)

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