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Anatomy Written 4 > The Perineum > Flashcards

The Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Perineum

A

Trunk inferior to the pelvis
Diamond shaped
Can be viewed when the thighs are abducted

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2
Q

Perineum is bounded by

A

Coccyx
Ischial tuberosity
Pubis

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3
Q

A line through the ischial tuberosities divides perineum into

A

Two triangles
Anal Triangle
Urogenital Triangle

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4
Q

Anal canal can be divided into

A

Upper and lower halves

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5
Q

Upper half of anal canal

A

Is above the pectinate line
Derived from endoderm like the rest of the gut tube
Lined by columnar epitheliam
Anal columns present

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6
Q

Innervation of upper half of anal canal

A

Autonomic - only stretch and pressure receptors (no pain)

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7
Q

Arteries in upper half of anal canal

A

Superior rectal from IMA

Middle rectal from internal iliac

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8
Q

Veins in upper half of anal canal

A

Superior rectal - drains into IMV

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9
Q

Lymphatics in upper half of anal canal

A

Drains to inferior mesenteric nodes

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10
Q

The lower half is

A

Below the pectinate line
Derived from ectoderm like the skin
Is lined by stratified squamous epithelium
Anal columns are absent

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11
Q

Innervation of lower half of anal canal

A

Somatic - you feel pain here - hemorrhoids (ouch)

Inferior rectal branch of pudendal

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12
Q

Arteries of lower half of anal canal

A

Inferior rectal off int. pudendal

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13
Q

Veins of lower half of anal canal

A

Inferior rectal drains into internal pudendal

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14
Q

Lymphatics of lower half of anal canal

A

drains to superficial inguinal nodes

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15
Q

Anal Sphincters

A

Internal and External

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16
Q

Internal anal sphincter

A

One part

Involuntary

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17
Q

External Anal Sphincter

A 
Three parts (deep, superficial, subcutaneous)
Voluntary - innervated by inferior rectal off the pudendal
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18
Q

Ischioanal Fossa Boundaries

A

Skin, Levator Ani, Obturator Internus, Ischium, Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, Deep transverse perineal muscles

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19
Q

The anterior recess of the ischioanal fossa extends into the

A

UG triangle

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20
Q

Contents of the Ischioanal Fossa

A
  1. Fat - a lot of it! - expansion
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Pudendal Canal
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21
Q

Pudendal Canal includes

A
  1. Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
  2. Internal pudendal artery which branches into inferior rectal and external genitalia arteries
  3. Internal pudendal vein
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22
Q

Homology to Testes

A

Ovaries

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23
Q

Homology to Body of Penis

A

Body of Clitoris

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24
Q

Homology to Penile Raphe and Spongy urethra

A

Labium Minora

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25
Homology to Scrotum
Laba Majora
26
Homology to Bulbourethral Gland
Greater vestibular gland (bartholin gland)
27
Homology to Prostate Gland
Paraurethral (lesser vestibular) gland
28
Homology to Gubernaculum
Round and ovarian ligaments
29
Contents of Urogenital traingle in male
Scrotum and Penis
30
Anatomical position of the penis
Erect
31
Scrotum contains
Testes, epididymis, and part of spermatic cord
32
Penis contains
``` Root = attached to body Erectile tissue = bulb, right and left crura Body = Corpus spongiosum (contains urethra and expands to form glans) Corpus Cavernosa (x2) - bounded by deep penile fascia, crura ```
33
M - Superficial Perineal Pouch Contains:
1. Proximal spongy urethra 2. Root of penis 3. Bulbospongiosus muscle 4. Ischiovacernous muscle 5. Perineal body 6. Superficial transverse perineal muscle 7. Perineal branches of the pudendal nerve
34
M - Bulbospongiosus Muscle - Where
Superficial Perineal Pouch | Paired muscles covering the bulb and distal crura of the penis
35
M - Bulbospongiosus Muscle - What it does
When contracted it empties the urethra of residues, maintains erection by increasing pressure on the erectile tissue in the root and compressing venous return
36
M - Innervation of bulbospongiosus muscle
Perineal nerve of pudendal
37
M - Ischiocavernous Muscle - where
Superficial perineal pouch | Paired muscles covering the proximal crura of the penis
38
M - Ischiocavernous Muscle - What it does
Achieves and maintains erection via compression of the crura, forcing blood distally and compressing venous return
39
M - Innervation of Ischiocavernous Muscle
Perineal nerve of pudendal
40
M - Perineal Body - Where
Superficical perneal pouch | Small fibrous mass in center of perineum
41
M - Perineal Body - What it does
Structures attach to perineal body including the anal sphincter, bulbospogiosus and superficial perineal muscles
42
M - Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles - Where
Superficial Perineal Pouch | Arising from ischial tuberosity and inserting on perineal body
43
M - Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles - What it does
Fixes perineal body
44
M - Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscles - Innervation
Perineal of the pudendal nerve
45
M - Perineal branches of the pudendal nerve - what it innervates
Perineal muscles and skin
46
M - Deep perineal pouch contains
1. Intermediate urethra 2. Bulbourethral glands 3. Sphinter urethrae 4. Deep transverse perineal muscle 5. Dorsal nerve of penis 6. Artery to bulb of penis 7. Deep arteries of the penis 8. Dorsal arteries of the penis
47
M - Sphincter Urethrae
Surrounds the urethra | Voluntary muscle allows urine to be released
48
M - Innervation of sphincter urethrae
Perineal branch
49
M - Deep transverse perineal muscle
Extends from ischial ramus to perineal body, posterior to sphncter urethrae Supports pelvic floor and expels residual semen and urine
50
M - Deep transverse perineal muscle - innervation
Perineal branch of pudendal
51
M - Dorsal Nerve of Penis innervates
skin of penis and glans penis
52
M - Artery to bulb of penis supplies
posterior corpus spongiosum and bulbourethral gland
53
M - Deep arteries of the penis fills
crura and corpora spongiosum and bulbourethral gland
54
M - Dorsal arteries of penis supply
fibrous tissue around corpora and skin
55
Female Urogenital Triangle Contains
Labia | Clitoris
56
Labia
Majora - contains fat and terminal part of round ligament | Minora - prepuce, frenulum, vestibule
57
Clitoris
Root Erectile Tissue Body
58
Female Supericial Perneum Pouch Contains
``` Root of clit Bulbospongiosus muscles Greater vestubular glands Paraurethral glands Superifical transverse perineal muscles Perineal body Perineal branches of pudendal nerve ```
59
F - Bulbospongiosus Muscles
o Covers the bulb of the vestibule and the greater vestibular glands o Compresses the deep dorsal vein of clitoris and weakly constricts the vagina
60
F - Bulbospongiosus Muscles Innervation
Perineal branch
61
F - Ischiocavernosus Muscles
o Paired muscles covering the proximal crura of the clitoris | o Assists in erection of the clitoris
62
F - Ischiocavernosus Muscles Innervation
Perineal nerve
63
F - Greater Vestibular Gland
o Open into the vestibule, posterolateral to vaginal orifice | o Secrete lubricating mucus during sexual arousal
64
F - Paraurethral Glands
o Open into the vestibule, lateral to the urethral orifice | o Secrete fluid into vestibule for distribution to labia
65
F - Superficial transverse perineal muscles
Support and fix perineal body to support pelvic viscera and resist increased intraabdominal pressure
66
F - Superficial transverse perineal muscles - innervation
Perineal
67
F - Perineal branches of pudendal nerve - innervate
``` Bulbospongiosus muscles Ischiocacvernosus muscles Superficial transverse perineal muscles Deep transvrse perineal muscles External urethral sphincter ```
68
F - Deep perineal pouch contains
``` Part of urethra Part of vagina Sphincter urethrae Deep transverse perineal muscles Posterior labial branches of internal pudendal artery Artery to bulb of vestibule Deep artery of clitoris Dorsal artery of clitoris Dorsal nerves of clitoris ```
69
F - Sphincter Urethrae
o Compresses urethra to maintain urinary continence and compresses vagina o Innervation  Perineal nerve
70
F - Deep Transverse Perineal Muscles
o Internal surface of the ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity to perineal body and external anal sphincter  location o They support and fix perineal body to support abdominopelvic viscera and resist increased intraabdominal pressure Innervation = perineal
71
F - Posterior labial branches of internal pudendal artery supplu
skin of labia majora and minora
72
F - Artery to the bulb of the vestibule supplies
bulb of vestibule and greater vestibular glands
73
F - Deep artery of the clitoris supplies
erectile tissue of clitoris - responsible for erection
74
F - Dorsal artery of clit supplies
Deep perineal pouch - erectile tissue of clitoris
75
F - dorsal nerves of clitois innervate
skin of clitoris
76
Innervation of Pelvic and perineal Organs - Somatic
Voluntary control via pudendal (S2-S4) Present in pelvic floor muscles and external sphincters Tonically active, so inhibition causes relaxation Sensory from external anal and urethral sphincters, pelvic floor muscles, anal canal and urethra
77
Innervation of Pelvic and Perineal Organs - Sympathetics
Involuntary T11-L2 Contracts internal anal sphncter and internal urethral sphincter Contracts ductus deferns, seminal vesciles and prostatic muscles during sex Most sensitive to feelings of distension
78
Innervation of Pelvic and Perineal Organs - Parasympathetics
Involuntary S1-S4 Smooth muscle on organ walls Contracts detrusor and rectal muscles Sensory conveys normal sensation of bladder and rectal distension

Anatomy Written 4 (9 decks)

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