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Anatomy Written 4 > The Leg > Flashcards

The Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Tibia

A 
Weightbearing bone
Condyles
Soleal line
Intercondylar eminence
Medial malleolus 
Tibial Tuberosity
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2
Q

Fibula

A

A slender lateral bone of the leg for muscle attachments
Head
Neck
Lateral Malleolus

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3
Q

Interosseus Membrane

A

Connects tibia and fibula

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4
Q

Cutaneous Innervation

A

Dermatomes
Saphenous
Sural nerves
Superficial peroneal nerve

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5
Q

Saphenous Nerve

A

L3, L4
Branch of femoral
Supplies skin on medial side of the leg

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6
Q

Sural Nerves

A

Branches of tibial and common peroneal nerves
Medial Sural Cutaneous nerve = branch of tibial
Lateral “” = branch of common peroneal
Sural Communicating nerve = branch of lateral sural cutaneous, joins with medial sural cutaneous
Sural Nerve = Formed by junction of medial sural and communicating sural cutaneous nerves

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7
Q

Superficial Peroneal Nerve

A

Branch of common peroneal
Courses through lateral compartment
Supplies skin of anterolateral leg and dorsum of the foot

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8
Q

Superiicial Veins

A

Great Saphenous

Small Saphenous

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9
Q

Great Saphenous Vein

A

Begins at foot
Ascends along the medial side of the leg
Drains into the femoral vein
Contains 10-12 valves

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10
Q

Small Saphenous Vein

A

Begins at the lateral side of the foot
Ascends along the posterior medial leg
Drains into the popliteal vein posterior to the knee joint

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11
Q

Crural Fascia

A

Deep fascia of the leg
Continuation of fascia lata inferior to the knee
Attached to anterior and medial borders of fibia
Gives rise to septa and retinaculla

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12
Q

What does Crural Fascia Give rise to

A 
Anterior intermuscular septum
Posterior
Transverse
Superior extensor retinaculum
Inferior extensor retinaculum
Flexor retinaculum
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13
Q

Compartments in the leg

A

Anterior Lateral and Posterior

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14
Q

What are the compartments in the leg formed by

A

Intermuscular septa attached to the fibula

The interosseum membrane extending from the fib to the tib

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15
Q

Anterior Compartment
Action?
Located?
Muscles pass…?

A

Dorsiflexor (extensor)
Located anterior to IO membrane btw anterior intermuscular septum and tibia
Muscles pass anterior to the ankle joint

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16
Q

Muscles in Anterior Compartment

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Peroneus Tertius

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17
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Tibia and IO membrane - Med Cuneiform and 1st met
Tibialis ant strain
Shin splints
Strongest dorsiflexor

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18
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Fibula and IO membrane - distal phalanx 1st toe

Deepest muscle in ant comp

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19
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Tibia, fibula and IO membrane - middle and distal phalanges toe 2-5

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20
Q

Peroneus Tertius

A

Fibula and IO membrane - 5th metatarsal base

21
Q

Nerve in anterior compartment of leg

A

Deep peroneal nerve

22
Q

Arteries in anterior compartment

A

Anterior tibial artery

23
Q

Anterior tibial artery

A

Branch of politeal artery

Enters anterior compartment by passing through superior part of interosseus membrane

24
Q

Anterior tibial artery gives rise to

A

Tibial recurrent
Anterior medial malleolar
Anterior lateral malleolar
Dorsalis pedis

25
Q

Dorsalis Pedis

A

Anterior tibial a changes its name to dorsalis pedis at the ankle joint - supplies the foot

26
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Caused by trauma to the muscles of the anterior comp.
Bleeding leads to increased pressure in the compartment causing compression of other structures
Ischemia and nerve damage

27
Q

Injury to common peroneal nerve

A

Paralysis of all anterior and lateral compartment muscles

28
Q

Lateral Compartment
Action?
Bounded by?

A 
Everter compartment (smallest)
Bounded by fibula, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa and deep fascia
29
Q

Muscles in lateral compartment

A

Peroneus longus

Peroneus bevis

30
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

Lateral fibula - base 1st met and medial cuneiform

31
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

Lateral fibula - tuberosity 5th met

32
Q

Nerves in lateral compartment

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

33
Q

Arteries in lateral compartment

A

Branches of peroneal a (from post)

Branches of anterior tibial a (from ant)

34
Q

Posterior Comp
Action?
Division?

A

Muscles produce plantar flexion and inversion of the foot
Flexor compartment
Largest of three comp
Divided into superficial and deep comp by transversae intermuscular septum

35
Q

Muscles in post comp

A 
Gastrocnemius 
Soleus
Triceps surae
Plantaris
Popliteus
Flexor hallicus longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
36
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Lateral and medial condyles of femur - calcaneous

Flex leg at knee joint and plantar flex foot

37
Q

Soleus

A

Fibula, soleal line of tibia - calcaneus
Anti gravity muscle
No action on knee
Fibers continuously active during standing

38
Q

Triceps Surae

A

Gastroc and soleus together
Generate 95% of plantar flexion force
Large size human characteristsc

39
Q

Plantaris

A

Lateral supracondylar line of femur - calcaneus
Abset 5-105%
Separate attachment
Proprioception

40
Q

Popliteus

A

Lateral condyle of femur - superior to soleal line of tubia

Unlocks knee joint by laterally rotation femur 5 degrees

41
Q

Flexor hallicus longus

A

Fibula and IO mem - base 1st distal phalanx

42
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Tibia inferior to soleal line - base distal phalanges toes 2 -5

43
Q

Tibilais posterior

A

Tiabia, fibulat and IO membrane - navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of 2-4 met

44
Q

Nerves of post comp

A

Tibial nerve (L4 - S3)

45
Q

Arteries of post comp

A

Posterior Tibial - branch of popliteal

46
Q

Post tibial gives branches

A 
Circumflex fibular
Peroneal
Nutrient
Muscular
Post medial mallolar
Communicating
Medial calcaneal
Medial plantar
Lateral plantar
47
Q

Communciating joins

A

Posterior tibial and peroneal arteries

48
Q

Venous return

A 
Activity of triceps serae
Calf pump
Superficial veins
Perforating veins
Incompetent valve
Varicosities

Anatomy Written 4 (9 decks)

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