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Anatomy Written 4 > The Leg > Flashcards

The Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Tibia

A 
Weightbearing bone
Condyles
Soleal line
Intercondylar eminence
Medial malleolus 
Tibial Tuberosity
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2
Q

Fibula

A

A slender lateral bone of the leg for muscle attachments
Head
Neck
Lateral Malleolus

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3
Q

Interosseus Membrane

A

Connects tibia and fibula

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4
Q

Cutaneous Innervation

A

Dermatomes
Saphenous
Sural nerves
Superficial peroneal nerve

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5
Q

Saphenous Nerve

A

L3, L4
Branch of femoral
Supplies skin on medial side of the leg

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6
Q

Sural Nerves

A

Branches of tibial and common peroneal nerves
Medial Sural Cutaneous nerve = branch of tibial
Lateral “” = branch of common peroneal
Sural Communicating nerve = branch of lateral sural cutaneous, joins with medial sural cutaneous
Sural Nerve = Formed by junction of medial sural and communicating sural cutaneous nerves

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7
Q

Superficial Peroneal Nerve

A

Branch of common peroneal
Courses through lateral compartment
Supplies skin of anterolateral leg and dorsum of the foot

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8
Q

Superiicial Veins

A

Great Saphenous

Small Saphenous

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9
Q

Great Saphenous Vein

A

Begins at foot
Ascends along the medial side of the leg
Drains into the femoral vein
Contains 10-12 valves

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10
Q

Small Saphenous Vein

A

Begins at the lateral side of the foot
Ascends along the posterior medial leg
Drains into the popliteal vein posterior to the knee joint

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11
Q

Crural Fascia

A

Deep fascia of the leg
Continuation of fascia lata inferior to the knee
Attached to anterior and medial borders of fibia
Gives rise to septa and retinaculla

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12
Q

What does Crural Fascia Give rise to

A 
Anterior intermuscular septum
Posterior
Transverse
Superior extensor retinaculum
Inferior extensor retinaculum
Flexor retinaculum
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13
Q

Compartments in the leg

A

Anterior Lateral and Posterior

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14
Q

What are the compartments in the leg formed by

A

Intermuscular septa attached to the fibula

The interosseum membrane extending from the fib to the tib

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15
Q

Anterior Compartment
Action?
Located?
Muscles pass…?

A

Dorsiflexor (extensor)
Located anterior to IO membrane btw anterior intermuscular septum and tibia
Muscles pass anterior to the ankle joint

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16
Q

Muscles in Anterior Compartment

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Peroneus Tertius

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17
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Tibia and IO membrane - Med Cuneiform and 1st met
Tibialis ant strain
Shin splints
Strongest dorsiflexor

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18
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Fibula and IO membrane - distal phalanx 1st toe

Deepest muscle in ant comp

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19
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Tibia, fibula and IO membrane - middle and distal phalanges toe 2-5

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20
Q

Peroneus Tertius

A

Fibula and IO membrane - 5th metatarsal base

21
Q

Nerve in anterior compartment of leg

A

Deep peroneal nerve

22
Q

Arteries in anterior compartment

A

Anterior tibial artery

23
Q

Anterior tibial artery

A

Branch of politeal artery

Enters anterior compartment by passing through superior part of interosseus membrane

24
Q

Anterior tibial artery gives rise to

A

Tibial recurrent
Anterior medial malleolar
Anterior lateral malleolar
Dorsalis pedis

25
Dorsalis Pedis
Anterior tibial a changes its name to dorsalis pedis at the ankle joint - supplies the foot
26
Compartment syndrome
Caused by trauma to the muscles of the anterior comp. Bleeding leads to increased pressure in the compartment causing compression of other structures Ischemia and nerve damage
27
Injury to common peroneal nerve
Paralysis of all anterior and lateral compartment muscles
28
Lateral Compartment Action? Bounded by?
``` Everter compartment (smallest) Bounded by fibula, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa and deep fascia ```
29
Muscles in lateral compartment
Peroneus longus | Peroneus bevis
30
Peroneus Longus
Lateral fibula - base 1st met and medial cuneiform
31
Peroneus Brevis
Lateral fibula - tuberosity 5th met
32
Nerves in lateral compartment
Superficial peroneal nerve
33
Arteries in lateral compartment
Branches of peroneal a (from post) | Branches of anterior tibial a (from ant)
34
Posterior Comp Action? Division?
Muscles produce plantar flexion and inversion of the foot Flexor compartment Largest of three comp Divided into superficial and deep comp by transversae intermuscular septum
35
Muscles in post comp
``` Gastrocnemius Soleus Triceps surae Plantaris Popliteus Flexor hallicus longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior ```
36
Gastrocnemius
Lateral and medial condyles of femur - calcaneous | Flex leg at knee joint and plantar flex foot
37
Soleus
Fibula, soleal line of tibia - calcaneus Anti gravity muscle No action on knee Fibers continuously active during standing
38
Triceps Surae
Gastroc and soleus together Generate 95% of plantar flexion force Large size human characteristsc
39
Plantaris
Lateral supracondylar line of femur - calcaneus Abset 5-105% Separate attachment Proprioception
40
Popliteus
Lateral condyle of femur - superior to soleal line of tubia | Unlocks knee joint by laterally rotation femur 5 degrees
41
Flexor hallicus longus
Fibula and IO mem - base 1st distal phalanx
42
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibia inferior to soleal line - base distal phalanges toes 2 -5
43
Tibilais posterior
Tiabia, fibulat and IO membrane - navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of 2-4 met
44
Nerves of post comp
Tibial nerve (L4 - S3)
45
Arteries of post comp
Posterior Tibial - branch of popliteal
46
Post tibial gives branches
``` Circumflex fibular Peroneal Nutrient Muscular Post medial mallolar Communicating Medial calcaneal Medial plantar Lateral plantar ```
47
Communciating joins
Posterior tibial and peroneal arteries
48
Venous return
``` Activity of triceps serae Calf pump Superficial veins Perforating veins Incompetent valve Varicosities ```

Anatomy Written 4 (9 decks)

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