The TCA cycle Flashcards
where does the TCA cycle take place
the mitochondria
what pathways happen before the TCA
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
what condenses to form Citrate (6C)
acetate (2C) and oxaloacetate (4C)
what else is produced from the TCA apart from citrate
CO2, GTP, NADH and FADH2. oxaloacetate is also regenerated
each acetyl CoA that turns the cycle produces what
3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP, 2 CO2
what is the first chemical compound in the cycle
acetyl CoA
where do the 2 NADH that are produced go
Electron Transport Chain
where does the 1 FADH2 produced go
Electron Transport Chain
where does the 1 GTP produced go
becomes ATP
where does the 2 CO2 produced go
waste
explain the role of succinate Q-reductase
an enzyme that converts succinate to fumarate
where is succinate Q-reductase
embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane
for each acetyl CoA that turns the TCA cycle how many ATP does it theoretically produce
12
what makes up the 12 theoretically produced ATP from the TCA Cycle
GTP = 1ATP
3 NADH = 9 ATP
FADH2 = 2 ATP
what is linked to the energy status, in terms of the regulation of the TCA cycle
isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
what happens if you increase ATP in the TCA cycle
inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase and the TCA cycle slows down
what happens if you decrease ADP in the TCA cycle
stimulates isocitrate dehydrogenase and the TCA cycle speeds up
what else regulates the TCA cycle apart from isocitrate dehydrogenase
NADH/NAD+ ratio
what is used for product inhibition for the NADH/NAD+ ratio
isocitrate dehydrogenase a-ketoglutarate
dehydrogenase malate dehydrogenase
what happens when the TCA cycle slows down
there is an accumulation of citrate
what happens when there is an accumulation of citrate
it is transported out of the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol
it inhibits glycolysis
stimulates the synthesis of fatty acids
what else is an important fuel for cells
glutamine
what is the process of making glutamine called and where is it associated with
glutaminolysis
white blood cells and epithelial cells of the intestine
what does glutaminolysis result in and where does this substance go
the production of a-ketoglutarate which enters the TCA cycle
