insulin Flashcards
insulin is what
an anabolic hormone
what is the receptor for insulin
tyrosine kinase
what happens once insulin receptors are activated
results in phosphate groups being added to tyrosine residues on target proteins (insulin receptor substrates)
what does insulin promote
dephosphorylation of enzymes via cAMP levels
how many IRS (insulin receptor substrate) proteins are there
4 (labeled 1-4)
what do IRS proteins do
meditate the intracellular affects of insulin
what do IRS proteins activate
phospholnositide-3-kinase
what does phospholnositide-3-kinase do
catalyzes the production of the second messengers called phosphoinositides
what do phosphoinositides do
stimulate intracellular protein kinases (B or C)
what important process do protein Kinases B and C do
translocation of the GLUT 4 transporter from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane of insulin sensitive cells
what does insulin activate
glycogen synthase
fructose-2,6-kinases
pyruvate kinases
acetyl CoA carboxylase
what does insulin deactivate
glycogen phosphorylase
fructose-2,6-phosphate
