glycolysis Flashcards
what is glycolysis
a universal cytosolic pathway that cleaves glucose into:
- pyruvate
-lactate
what process turns glucose into pyruvate
aerobic metabolism
what process turns glucose into lactate
anaerobic metabolism
does glycolysis use oxygen supply
no. it acts independently of oxygen supply
what other substances does glycolysis metabolize
fructose and galactose
what is the energy yield in anaerobic conditions
2 ATP per glucose molecule
what is the energy yield in aerobic conditions
36 ATP
characteristics of anaerobic conditions
independent of mitochondria and oxygen supply
how many GLUT transporter subtypes are there
5
what tissues are associated with GLUT 1
blood, brain barrier, placenta
what tissues are associated with GLUT 2
liver and pancreas
what tissues are associated with GLUT 3
neurons and kidneys
what tissues are associated with GLUT 4 and what is special about GLUT 4
skeletal and heart muscle and adipose tissue
it is insulin sensitive
what tissues are associated with GLUT 5 and what is special about GLUT 5
spermatozoa and intestine
it is selective for fructose
how many irreversible steps/ regulatory points are there for glycolysis
3
what are the 3 irreversible steps/ 3 regulatory points in glycolysis
1) hexokinase/ glucokinase
2) phosphofructokinase-1
3) pyruvate kinase
what is fructose- 2,6 bisphosphate
an allosteric activator of glycolysis
where is fructose- 2,6 biphosphate important
the liver
what is fructose- 2,6 biphospahte synthesized from and what enzyme is it made by
synthesises from fructose-6-phosphate and synthesised by the enzyme phosphofructokinase-2
what activation does pyruvate kinase use
feed forward activation
what complex stimulates pyruvate kinase
fructose -1,6- biphosphate
where does galactose enter the glycolytic pathway
at the level of glucose-6-phosphate (hepatocytes)
where does fructose enter the glycolytic pathway
at the level of the triose phosphates (hepocytes)
