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metabolism year 2 > glycolysis > Flashcards

glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

what is glycolysis

A

a universal cytosolic pathway that cleaves glucose into:
- pyruvate
-lactate

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2
Q

what process turns glucose into pyruvate

A

aerobic metabolism

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3
Q

what process turns glucose into lactate

A

anaerobic metabolism

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4
Q

does glycolysis use oxygen supply

A

no. it acts independently of oxygen supply

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5
Q

what other substances does glycolysis metabolize

A

fructose and galactose

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6
Q

what is the energy yield in anaerobic conditions

A

2 ATP per glucose molecule

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7
Q

what is the energy yield in aerobic conditions

A

36 ATP

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8
Q

characteristics of anaerobic conditions

A

independent of mitochondria and oxygen supply

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9
Q

how many GLUT transporter subtypes are there

A

5

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10
Q

what tissues are associated with GLUT 1

A

blood, brain barrier, placenta

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11
Q

what tissues are associated with GLUT 2

A

liver and pancreas

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12
Q

what tissues are associated with GLUT 3

A

neurons and kidneys

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13
Q

what tissues are associated with GLUT 4 and what is special about GLUT 4

A

skeletal and heart muscle and adipose tissue
it is insulin sensitive

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14
Q

what tissues are associated with GLUT 5 and what is special about GLUT 5

A

spermatozoa and intestine
it is selective for fructose

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15
Q

how many irreversible steps/ regulatory points are there for glycolysis

A

3

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16
Q

what are the 3 irreversible steps/ 3 regulatory points in glycolysis

A

1) hexokinase/ glucokinase
2) phosphofructokinase-1
3) pyruvate kinase

17
Q

what is fructose- 2,6 bisphosphate

A

an allosteric activator of glycolysis

18
Q

where is fructose- 2,6 biphosphate important

A

the liver

19
Q

what is fructose- 2,6 biphospahte synthesized from and what enzyme is it made by

A

synthesises from fructose-6-phosphate and synthesised by the enzyme phosphofructokinase-2

20
Q

what activation does pyruvate kinase use

A

feed forward activation

21
Q

what complex stimulates pyruvate kinase

A

fructose -1,6- biphosphate

22
Q

where does galactose enter the glycolytic pathway

A

at the level of glucose-6-phosphate (hepatocytes)

23
Q

where does fructose enter the glycolytic pathway

A

at the level of the triose phosphates (hepocytes)

metabolism year 2 (24 decks)

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