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Biology Unit 1 > The Synthesis And Transpirt Of Proteins > Flashcards

The Synthesis And Transpirt Of Proteins Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do eukaryotic cells have

A

A system of internal membranes which increases the total area of the membrane

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2
Q

Because of their size what do eukaryotes have

A

Relatively small surface area to volume ratio

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3
Q

Describe the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells

A

To small to carry out all the vital functions carried out be membranes

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4
Q

LEARN HOW TO NAME ALL THE PARTS IF EUKARYOTIC CELL

A
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5
Q

What does the endoplastic reticulum do

A

Forms a network of membrane tubules continuous with the nucleus membrane

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6
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus

A

A series of flattened membrane discs

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7
Q

What are lysosomes

A

Membrane bound organelles containing a variety of hydrolyses that digest proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates

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8
Q

What do vesicles do

A

Transport materials between membrane compartments

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9
Q

LEARN OTHER MEMBRANE DIAGRAM !,!

A
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10
Q

What are synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Lipids and proteins

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11
Q

What does a rough ER have and a smooth er

A

Ribosomes on its cytosolic face while smooth lack ribosomes

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12
Q

Where are lipids synthesised

A

In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and inserted into its membrane

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13
Q

Where is the synthesis of proteins

A

The synthesis of all proteins begins in the cytisolic ribosomes

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14
Q

Where are cytsolic proteins synthesised

A

In the cytosolic ribosomes and remain in the cytosol

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15
Q

What do transmembrane proteins do

A

Carry a signal sequence which halts translation and directs the ribosome synthesising the protein to the dock with the ER forming RER

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16
Q

What is a signal sequence

A

A short stretch of amino acids at one end of the polypeptide that determines the eventual location of a protein in a cell

17
Q

What continuous after docking

A

Translation and the protein is inserted into the membrane of the ER

18
Q

LEARN HOW TONLABEL SYNTHESIS RER DIAGRAM

A
19
Q

What are the stages of synthesis by RER

A

1, proteins are synthesised by ribosomes in the cytoplasm
2, a signal protein from the membrane binds to the ribosome and stop’s translation
3, The signal protein binds to the receptor directs the ribosome to attach to the endoplasmic reticulum forming RER
4, translation restarts and the proteins is now inserted into membrane of the ER
5, once translation is finished the ribosome detaches

20
Q

What happens once the proteins are in the ER

A

They are transported by vesicles that bud of from the ER and fuse with the Golgi apparatus

21
Q

What happens as proteins moves through the Golgi apparatus

A

They undergo post translational modification, the addition of the carbohydrate is the major modification

22
Q

LEARN HIW TO LABEL GOLGI DIAGRAM

A
23
Q

Where do molecules move through in the Golgi apparatus

A

Golgi discs in the vesicles

24
Q

What do enzymes to in the Golgi apparatus

A

Catalyse the addition of various sugars in multiple steps to form carbohydrates

25
Q

What do vesicles that leave the Golgi apparatus do

A

Take proteins to the plasma membrane and lysosome

26
Q

What do vesicles do

A

Move along microtubules to other membranes and fuse with them within the cell

27
Q

Where are secreted proteins translated

A

In the ribosomes on the RERand enter it’s lumen

28
Q

What are examples of secreted proteins

A

Peptide hormones
Digestive enzymes

29
Q

LEARN HOW TO LABEL SECRETORY PATHWAY

A
30
Q

What do proteins do in the secretory pathway

A

Move through Golgi apparatus and are packaged into secretory vesicles

31
Q

What do vesicles do I’m the secretory pathway

A

Move and fuse with the plasma membrane releasing proteins out of the cell

32
Q

What happens to many secreted proteins

A

Synthesised as inactive precursors and require proteolytic cleavage to produce active proteins

33
Q

What is proteolytic cleavage

A

Type of post translational modification

34
Q

Name examples of secreted proteins that require proteolytic cleavage

A

Digestive enzymes and insulin

Biology Unit 1 (20 decks)

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