The Suez Canal and Egypt

Question 1

When was the American Civil War?

Answer 1

1861-1865

Question 2

In the 1870s how many of Egypt’s imports were from Britain?

Answer 2

40%

Question 3

When were 40% of Egypt’s imports from britain?

Answer 3

the 1870s

Question 4

How much shorter was the route to India via the Suez Canal as opposed to via cape.

Answer 4

6,000 miles

Question 5

Britain and Egypt (4)

Answer 5

1. In 1857, the idea that Egypt would fall under British control would probably have been laughed at. (2)
2. British Interest in Egypt (2)
3. Isma’il Pasha’s Modernisation Programme (3)
4. Importance of the Suez Canal (2)

Question 6

Britain and Egypt (4)
1. In 1857, the idea that Egypt would fall under British control would probably have been laughed at. (2)

Answer 6

a. Although British traders used Egypt as a route. (2)
b. Britain had been largely hostile to the Muslim rulers of Egypt.

Question 7

Britain and Egypt (4)
1. In 1857, the idea that Egypt would fall under British control would probably have been laughed at. (2)
a. Although British traders used Egypt as a route. (2)

Answer 7

i. For centuries between Europe and Asia.
ii. From 18th C as a key route to India.

Question 8

Britain and Egypt (4)
2. British Interest in Egypt (2)

Answer 8

a. Increased during American Civil War (1861-1865) (2)
b. British companies invested in Egyptian cotton production and it’s modernization programme. (2)

Question 9

Britain and Egypt (4)
2. British Interest in Egypt (2)
a. Increased during American Civil War (1861-1865) (2)

Answer 9

i. British mills were starved of raw cotton.
ii. Egypt’s cotton was of high quality and thus now in high demand.

Question 10

Britain and Egypt (4)
2. British Interest in Egypt (2)
b. British companies invested in Egyptian cotton production and it’s modernization programme. (2)

Answer 10

i. Trading interactions grew.
ii. By 1870s, 40% of Egypt’s imports were from Britain.

Question 11

Britain and Egypt (4)
3. Isma’il Pasha’s Modernisation Programme (3)

Answer 11

a. He came to power in Egypt in 1863
b. Committed to modernization programme initiated by Muhammad Ali Pasha (ruler from 1805-1848) who had already: (2)
c. Embarked on various projects, including: (5)

Question 12

Britain and Egypt (4)
3. Isma’il Pasha’s Modernisation Programme (3)
b. Committed to modernization programme initiated by Muhammad Ali Pasha (ruler from 1805-1848) who had already: (2)

Answer 12

i. Established a professional army.
ii. Extended Egyptian rule through the Sudan.

Question 13

Britain and Egypt (4)
3. Isma’il Pasha’s Modernisation Programme (3)
c. Embarked on various projects, including: (5)

Answer 13

i. Irrigation
ii. Railways
iii. Schools
iv. Street lighting
v. Creating of the Suez Canal

Question 14

Britain and Egypt (4)
4. Importance of the Suez Canal (2)

Answer 14

a. Benefited British seafarers and merchants, especially those trading with India and China
b. Route to India was 6,000 miles shorter than it would be via the Cape.

Question 15

Who obtained the agreement with Egypt to set up the Suez Canal Company?

Answer 15

Ferdinand de Lesseps

Question 16

When did Ferdinand de Lesseps and the Government of Egypt get the agreement for the Suez Canal Company done?

Answer 16

1854-1856

Question 17

The original Suez Canal Company agreement meant that the Egyptian government got what percentage of the profits?

Answer 17

15%

Question 18

When was the Suez Canal Company set up?

Answer 18

1858

Question 19

When did work begin on the Suez Canal?

Answer 19

1859

Question 20

How long did they take to complete the Suez Canal?

Answer 20

10 years

Question 21

When did Isma’il put the Egyptian shares up for sale?

Answer 21

1875

Question 22

How much was Isma’il offering for the Egyptian shares?

Answer 22

£4 million

Question 23

Who was the British Prime Minister who bought the Egyptian shares for the Suez Canal?

Answer 23

Benjamin Disraeli

Question 24

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)

Answer 24

1. Ferdinand de Lesseps and the Creation of the Suez Canal Company (3)
2. Work began on the canal in 1859. (1)
3. British Scepticism towards Suez Canal (2)
4. Immediate and Dramatic Effect of the Suez Canal on World Trade (3)
5. Isma’il Pasha’s Sale of Egypt’s Share in the Canal (3)
6. Benefits of Britain’s share are explained in “British Expansion in Africa”.
7. Control of the canal encouraged further British interest in Egypt.

Question 25

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)
1. Ferdinand de Lesseps and the Creation of the Suez Canal Company (3)

Answer 25

a. Ferdinand de Lesseps obtained an agreement from Egypt to create a company to construct a canal for international shipping. (3)
b. The Suez Canal Company was set up in 1858.
c. Shares in the project were made available internationally.

Question 26

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)
1. Ferdinand de Lesseps and the Creation of the Suez Canal Company (3)
a. Ferdinand de Lesseps obtained an agreement from Egypt to create a company to construct a canal for international shipping. (3)

Answer 26

i. In 1854-1856.
ii. Lesseps was a Frenchman.
iii. The original agreement said that 15% of the annual profits were reserved for the Government of Egypt.

Question 27

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)
2. Work began on the canal in 1859. (1)

Answer 27

a. Was completed 10 years later.

Question 28

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)
3. British Scepticism towards Suez Canal (2)

Answer 28

a. The British did not buy many shares.
b. They thought the canal would be unsuitable for large ships.

Question 29

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)
4. Immediate and Dramatic Effect of the Suez Canal on World Trade (3)

Answer 29

a. Reduced profits of British traders in the Cape who operated warehouses for storing goods.
b. Way fewer people passing their point when travelling but were rather going through the Suez Canal.
c. No longer so many people trading with British Colonies.

Question 30

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)
5. Isma’il Pasha’s Sale of Egypt’s Share in the Canal (3)

Answer 30

a. Pasha is facing lots and lots of debt.
b. In 1875, Isma’il Pasha sought a buyer for Egypt’s share in the canal for £4 million.
c. The British Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli, purchased Egypt’s share.

Question 31

Before Isma’il sold the shares in the suez canal, how many shares were held by frenchmen? (2)

Answer 31

1. 50% French (not one individual but lots of small groups)

Question 32

When was Isma’il deposed?

Answer 32

1879

Question 33

Before Isma’il sold the shares in the suez canal, how many shares were held by Egyptians? (2)

Answer 33

2. 44% Egyptian Government

Question 34

Before Isma’il sold the shares in the suez canal, how many shares were held by Ottomans? (2)

Answer 34

3. 6% private wealthy Ottoman Individuals

Question 35

In 1869, what proportion of the ships using the Suez Canal are British?

Answer 35

3/4

Question 36

In which year were 3/4 of the ships using the Suez Canal British?

Answer 36

1869

Question 37

When did Isma’il put the shares up for sale?

Answer 37

1875

Question 38

how big were Isma’il’s debts that he was willing to put the governments shares in the suez canal up for sale?

Answer 38

a. 100 million

Question 39

How much did Disraeli buy Egypts shares for?

Answer 39

b. £4,000,000

Question 40

Movements made. (5)

Answer 40

1. Conservative (pro-imperial) PM Benjamin Disraeli. Knows that British needs to have a stake in the Canal.
2. By 1875, the leader Ismail had massive debts (Egypt’s debts in total) (2)
3. Disraeli immediately bought up the shares. (2)
4. Once The British have a controlling share in the canal, they start to pay more attention to the rest of Egypt. (3)
5. His justifications that he says afterwards. (4)

Question 41

After Isma’il was deposed who was appointed the new khedive?

Answer 41

Tewfiq

Question 42

Movements made. (5)
2. By 1875, the leader Ismail had massive debts (Egypt’s debts in total) (2)

Answer 42

a. 100 million pound debts
b. SO, he puts the Egyptian Shares for the Canal up for sale.

Question 43

Movements made. (5)
4. Once The British have a controlling share in the canal, they start to pay more attention to the rest of Egypt. (3)

Answer 43

a. They have the control because all of the other shares are owned by small groups.
b. So, any votes that they make the British Government wins.
c. Because they are effectively one person owning the shares and so all of that shares’ worth is voting for one thing.

Question 44

Movements made. (5)
3. Disraeli immediately bought up the shares. (2)

Answer 44

a. Doesn’t consult parliament. Just buys it by borrowing money from a personal friend.
b. £4,000,000

Question 45

Movements made. (5)
5. His justifications that he says afterwards. (4)

Answer 45

a. It’s not to do with money (although there is money to be made)
b. A hostile power should not be in charge to a strategic route to India.
c. Allows for other dependencies.
d. MAINTENANCE

Question 46

After Tewfiq was made khedive, by how much was the army reduced?

Answer 46

1/3

Question 47

Who led the nationalist rebellion?

Answer 47

Colonel Arabi Pasha and his fellow army officers

Question 48

How many Europeans were living in Egypt?

Answer 48

100,000

Question 49

How many Europeans were killed in the first Alexandra revolt?

Answer 49

50

Question 50

When were 50 Europeans killed on the streets of Alexandria?

Answer 50

June 1882

Question 51

Arabi Pasha demanded what proportion of all men come to Kafr el-Dawwar?

Answer 51

1/6

Question 52

What place could British troops access once Chief Sir Garnet Wolsey secured the Suez Canal?

Answer 52

Tel el-Kebir

Question 53

How long does the battle at Tel el-Kebir last?

Answer 53

less than 1 hour

Question 54

Once Britain retook Cairo, who did it make it’s puppet ruler?

Answer 54

Tewiq

Question 55

What’s a puppet ruler?

Answer 55

A ruler who has to act as they are told (in this case by Britain)

Question 56

Who was installed as the first consul-general?

Answer 56

Major Evelyn Baring

Question 57

What nickname was given to Evelyn Baring?

Answer 57

Overbaring

Question 58

When was the convention of London?

Answer 58

1885

Question 59

When was Egypt a client state?

Answer 59

1882-1914

Question 60

How are client states sometimes referred to?

Answer 60

veiled protectorate

Question 61

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)

Answer 61

 New System (3)
 Rebellion and Shift (2)
 Violence (6)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)

Question 62

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 New System (3)

Answer 62

1. Ismail Gets Deposed. (4)
2. New Khedive is Tewfiq. (3)
3. Measures introduced to help economy. (2)

Question 63

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 New System (3)
1. Ismail Gets Deposed. (4)

Answer 63

a. 1879
b. Deposed by an Ottoman Sultan.
c. Not surprising due to continuous economic mismanagement.
d. More broadly a result of both domestic (Turkish??? Could be Egyptian?) and Anglo-French pressure.

Question 64

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 New System (3)
2. New Khedive is Tewfiq. (3)

Answer 64

a. Son of Ismail
b. It was British Money and support that kept Egypt going.
c. Thus, B had a lot of influence.

Question 65

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 New System (3)
3. Measures introduced to help economy. (2)

Answer 65

a. Taxes put on Egyptian food and goods.
b. Army reduced to 1/3 of its size.

Question 66

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Rebellion and Shift (2)

Answer 66

1. Nationalist Rebellion. (2)
2. Tewfiq forced to appoint Arabi’s allies into government positions. (3)

Question 67

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Rebellion and Shift (2)
1. Nationalist Rebellion. (2)

Answer 67

a. The measures that were put in place caused lots of unemployment and thus caused the Nationalist Revolution.
b. Led by Colonel Arabi Pasha and his fellow army officers.

Question 68

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Rebellion and Shift (2)
2. Tewfiq forced to appoint Arabi’s allies into government positions. (3)

Answer 68

a. They have a strong anti-European stance.
b. Provokes British concerns. (4)
c. Festers many political tensions

Question 69

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Rebellion and Shift (2)
2. Tewfiq forced to appoint Arabi’s allies into government positions. (3)
b. Provokes British concerns. (4)

Answer 69

i. Trade
ii. Investment
iii. 100,000 Europeans living in Egypt.
iv. The Canal route to India.

Question 70

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)

Answer 70

1. A series of revolts. (3)
2. Intervention. (2)
3. Arabi Pasha declares war.
4. Kafr el-Dawwar (7)
5. British Forces secure Suez Canal. (3)
6. Battle that defeats Arabi’s forces. (4)

Question 71

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)
1. A series of revolts. (3)

Answer 71

a. 50 Europeans killed on the streets of Alexandria.
b. June 1882
c. This was followed by a series of other revolts across Egypt.

Question 72

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)
2. Intervention. (2)

Answer 72

a. British Prime Minister William Gladstone (liberal) feels he has to intervene.
b. British Naval forces sent to continuously attack Alexandra.

Question 73

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)
4. Kafr el-Dawwar (7)

Answer 73

a. He demands a sixth of all men come to Kafr el-Dawwar.
b. It blocks the British’s path to Cairo.
c. Battle
d. The British were winning.
e. The British commander had an unfortunate (for him) misunderstanding.
f. This allowed for Arabi’s troops to gain the upper hand and ultimately force the British Troops to withdraw.
g. More Egyptian than British casualties.

Question 74

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)
5. British Forces secure Suez Canal. (3)

Answer 74

a. Cairo now cannot be reached via Kafre el-Dawwar (and by proxy Alexandria).
b. Has to be done via the Suez Canal.
c. British Commander in Chief Sir Garnet Wolsey secures the Suez Canal.

Question 75

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)
6. Battle that defeats Arabi’s forces. (4)

Answer 75

a. This allows them to get to Tel el-Kebir.
b. There is a battle that lasts less than an hour.
c. Britain retakes Cairo.
d. Restores Tewfiq as a puppet ruler. (1)

Question 76

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)
6. Battle that defeats Arabi’s forces. (4)
d. Restores Tewfiq as a puppet ruler. (1)

Answer 76

i. A ruler who has to act as they are told (in this case by Britain)

Question 77

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)

Answer 77

1. Occupation (more or less) Begins. (4)
2. Convention of London. (3)
3. Client State (5)

Question 78

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
1. Occupation (more or less) Begins. (4)

Answer 78

a. This was supposed to be temporary.
b. Was without clearly defined intentions.
c. Major Evelyn Baring installed as Consul General. (2)
d. Tewfiq forced to: (3)

Question 79

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
1. Occupation (more or less) Begins. (4)
c. Major Evelyn Baring installed as Consul General. (2)

Answer 79

i. Britain’s highest governmental representative in an overseas territory.
ii. He was nicknamed “Overbaring”.

Question 80

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
1. Occupation (more or less) Begins. (4)
d. Tewfiq forced to: (3)

Answer 80

i. Make a government that was in Britain’s favour.
ii. Employ British military personnel to supervise army.
iii. Rely on British advisors.

Question 81

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
2. Convention of London. (3)

Answer 81

a. 1885
b. Confirms Britain’s influence.
c. Secured an international Loan for the Egyptian Government

Question 82

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
3. Client State (5)

Answer 82

a. 1882-1914
b. Sometimes referred to as a “veiled protectorate”. (1)
c. This is under the veil of Ottoman and Home rule.
d. Baring led from behind a screen of Egyptian ministers.
e. He was helped by a group of English Administrators.

Question 83

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
3. Client State (5)
b. Sometimes referred to as a “veiled protectorate”. (1)

Answer 83

i. A state controlled by another in an indirect manner.

Question 84

Can you just give me some facts about Sudan? (4)

Answer 84

a. Borders Egypt
b. The river Nile flows through it.
c. Theories that it has a lot of gold.
d. The Suez Canal also goes past it.