India's Administration (and nought more)

Question 1

In the British political system, where would a secretary of state be?

Answer 1

In the Cabinet

Question 2

Who received the powers and duties formerly exercised by the East India Company directors.

Answer 2

The secretary of state

Question 3

How many members were there of the India Council?

Answer 3

15

Question 4

Who was appointed to assist the Secretary of State for India and act as an advisory body in India affairs

Answer 4

The India Council

Question 5

Who appoints the Viceroy?

Answer 5

The Crown

Question 6

How many members were there in the Viceroy’s legislative Council?

Answer 6

5

Question 7

What’s another way of saying Chief Commissioners?

Answer 7

Provincial Governers

Question 8

Vaguely speaking what did the Provincial Governors do?

Answer 8

They oversaw specific regions of India

Question 9

How many British civil servants were employed in the Indian Civil Service?

Answer 9

Around 1000

Question 10

How many Independant Princely States where there?

Answer 10

565

Question 11

When was the Indian National Congress formed?

Answer 11

1885

Question 12

Impact of Mutiny on India’s administration (2)

Answer 12

1. After the Mutiny had been quelled, a change of rule was necessary to prevent any recurrence.
2. Thus, in 1858, the East India Company handed the running and control of India over to the British government and the Company was entirely dissolved.

Question 13

The Government of India Act, 1858 (5)

Answer 13

1. The East India Company’s territories in India were passed to the Queen and the Company ceased to exist.
2. The position of Secretary of State for India (a Cabinet post) was created. This Secretary of State received the powers and duties formerly exercised by the East India Company directors.
3. A council of 15 members (the India Council), with experience of Indian affairs, was appointed to assist the Secretary of State for India and act as an advisory body in India affairs.
4. The Crown appointed a Viceroy to replace the Company’s Governor-General.
5. The Indian Civil Service was placed under the control of the Secretary of State.

Question 14

Administration (5)

Answer 14

1. Administration of India (3)
2. Basic Administrative Functions that are completed by someone or other. (3)
3. Legal System (2)
4. Education and Public Works (2)
5. Indian National Congress (4)

Question 15

Administration (5)
1. Administration of India (3)

Answer 15

a. Viceroy ruled with a Legislative Council of 5 who held responsibility for: (5)
b. Provincial governors (chief commissioners) (3)
c. District officers (1)
d. Indian Civil Service (6)
e. Princely States (5)

Question 16

Administration (5)
1. Administration of India (3)
a. Viceroy ruled with a Legislative Council of 5 who held responsibility for: (5)

Answer 16

i. Finance
ii. Law
iii. The army
iv. Economy
v. Home affairs

Question 17

Administration (5)
1. Administration of India (3)
b. Provincial governors (chief commissioners) (3)

Answer 17

i. Oversaw specific regions of India.
ii. Were responsible for managing their own legislative councils.
iii. These councils were made up of both British and Indian officials, though the British officials typically held more power and influence.

Question 18

Administration (5)
1. Administration of India (3)
c. District officers (1)

Answer 18

i. District officers were responsible for overseeing various aspects of local governance such as: (2)

Question 19

Administration (5)
1. Administration of India (3)
c. District officers (1)
i. District officers were responsible for overseeing various aspects of local governance such as: (2)

Answer 19

1. The functioning of local councils.
2. Reporting on practical issues affecting their districts.

Question 20

Administration (5)
1. Administration of India (3)
d. Indian Civil Service (6)

Answer 20

i. Unique system within the Empire.
ii. The Raj required a vast staff and so it was run by around 1000 British Civil Servants who were employed within the ICS.
iii. Attracted able administrators with good salary and social status.
iv. Candidates competed for posts through academic exams.
v. While it was technically open to all races, senior civil servants were virtually all white males.
vi. Bilingual Indians recruited as low-level clerks. (1)

Question 21

Administration (5)
1. Administration of India (3)
d. Indian Civil Service (6)
vi. Bilingual Indians recruited as low-level clerks. (1)

Answer 21

1. These acted as intermediaries between the British elite and the population.

Question 22

Administration (5)
1. Administration of India (3)
e. Princely States (5)

Answer 22

i. Native rulers who were essential for smooth running of India
ii. 565 nominally independent Princely States
iii. Removal of ‘doctrine of lapse’ helped ensure their loyalty.
iv. Even though they were fully aware of the British Crown’s supreme authority, the princes’ reputation was enhanced by a complex system of position within a hierarchy. (1)

Question 23

Administration (5)
1. Administration of India (3)
e. Princely States (5)

Answer 23

1. If you can’t beat ‘em join ‘em, I’ll look after you if you look after me, etc.

Question 24

Administration (5)
2. Basic Administrative Functions that are completed by someone or other. (3)

Answer 24

a. Collection of taxes
b. Maintenance of law and order
c. Running of courts

Question 25

Administration (5) 3. Legal System (2)

Answer 25

a. Legal system developed. (2) b. Greater respect shown for traditional Indian practices and customs particularly in relation to: (2)

Question 26

Administration (5) 3. Legal System (2) a. Legal system developed. (2)

Answer 26

i. Old East India Company courts merged with Crown Courts. ii. English law prevailed.

Question 27

Administration (5) 3. Legal System (2) b. Greater respect shown for traditional Indian practices and customs particularly in relation to: (2)

Answer 27

i. Marriage ii. Family law

Question 28

Administration (5) 4. Education and Public Works (2)

Answer 28

a. Government accepted responsibility for promoting education. b. Development of public works schemes and transport. (1)

Question 29

Administration (5) 4. Education and Public Works (2) b. Development of public works schemes and transport. (1)

Answer 29

i. Particularly the building of a great railway network.

Question 30

Administration (5) 5. Indian National Congress (4)

Answer 30

a. Notable as for most Indians there didn’t seem to be much difference from company rule. (3) b. Formed in 1885 c. The INC's initial goals were not about challenging British rule but focused on achieving greater representation for Indians within the colonial administration. d. Over time demand by the members for a greater role for Indians in government increased.

Question 31

Administration (5) 5. Indian National Congress (4) a. Notable as for most Indians there didn’t seem to be much difference from company rule. (3)

Answer 31

i. Either, Englishmen still ran the place. ii. Or local princes exercised power on behalf of the Raj. iii. Many of the Brits were the same ones from company rule.