Consequences of the Indian Mutiny

Question 1

What percentage of land is part of a directly ruled province?

Answer 1

61.5%

Question 2

How many directly ruled provinces are there?

Answer 2

7

Question 3

Name the directly ruled provinces:

Answer 3

a. Bombay,
b. Bengal,
c. Madras,
d. The Punjab,
e. the Central Province,
f. the North West Provinces
g. the North West Frontier provinces

Question 4

What percentage of the land of India is ruled by a prince?

Answer 4

38.5%

Question 5

How many princely states are there?

Answer 5

601

Question 6

Within princely states, who controls which policies?

Answer 6

The Princes controlled their own domestic policies but all foreign and political policies were in British control.

Question 7

How many people lived in the princely states?

Answer 7

62.5 million people

Question 8

How many people live in the British providences?

Answer 8

232 million

Question 9

When is Queen Victoria claimed Empress of India?

Answer 9

1st January 1877

Question 10

The Ilbert Bill 1883 (4)

Answer 10

1. Proposal that at lower levels the jurisdiction of the courts should be equally applied to both Indians and Brits.
2. Why? (2)
3. Reactions (5)
4. Reactions to the reactions (3)

Question 11

The Ilbert Bill 1883 (4)
2. Why? (2)

Answer 11

a. Previously Indian judges couldn’t preside in cases that involved British subjects.
b. It made sense because more Indians were qualified and were entering the judiciary system.

Question 12

The Ilbert Bill 1883 (4)
3. Reactions (5)

Answer 12

a. Returned the mutiny fear especially for their white women because of practises such as sati or the rapes that happen during the mutiny.
b. Because of the outcry the bill gets amended so that if a European is tried the jury has to be majority European.
c. Brits say that if this law is passed then they wouldn’t obey it.
d. This was sometimes referred to as “the white mutiny”.
e. The proposal was amended so that if a European was a defendant, then the jury would have to be over 50% white.

Question 13

The Ilbert Bill 1883 (4)
4. Reactions to the reactions (3)

Answer 13

a. Increased pessimism that Britain would never truly respect Indians let alone give them power or responsibility.
b. Adds towards the growing feelings of nationalism.
c. People take note of the power that their threat of widespread passive resistance had. (Apparently, notably including Gandhi)

Question 14

Government and society (5)

Answer 14

1. Introduction (3)
2. British Attitudes (2)
3. Legal System (2)
4. Equality of Opportunity (3)
5. Support for British Rule (2)

Question 15

Government and society (5)
1. Introduction (3)

Answer 15

a. Relationship between ruler and ruled soured by the 1857 Mutiny.
b. Reporting in Britain emphasized Indian savagery while ignoring British brutality.
c. Belief in the Westernization of the East was questioned.

Question 16

Government and society (5)
2. British Attitudes (2)

Answer 16

a. Arrogance of white men fuelled by Social-Darwinist theories of superiority.
b. British grew more detached and separated from Indian culture.

Question 17

Government and society (5)
3. Legal System (2)

Answer 17

a. Legal systems imposed favoured the white man.
b. Too complex and expensive to help the poor, particularly in matters of land tenure.

Question 18

Government and society (5)
4. Equality of Opportunity (3)

Answer 18

a. Supposed equality of opportunity had limited impact.
b. More educational opportunities for wealthier Indians who formed the new professional classes, but little for peasants.
c. Those even with education found it hard to obtain promotions beyond lower ranks of colonial bureaucracy.

Question 19

Government and society (5)
5. Support for British Rule (2)

Answer 19

a. Some Indian princes and large landlords supported the Raj.
b. For most of the population, British rule was regarded with indifference.

Question 20

Please give an example of a higher-value cash-crop.

Answer 20

Rice

Question 21

Please give an example of a lower value grain.

Answer 21

Rye

Question 22

How much of the land was affected by British schemes for irrigation and land improvements

Answer 22

6%

Question 23

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)

Answer 23

1. The British built railways (2)
2. The British offered markets for Indian agricultural produce (3)
3. The British developed schemes for irrigation and land improvements (1)
4. The British provided Indians with cheap British manufactures (1)
5. The British provided schools and universities (2)
6. The British provided jobs for Indians. (2)
7. Poverty continued (1)

Question 24

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
1. The British built railways (2)

Answer 24

a. But these were geared to needs of control and trade.
b. Most villages lacked even mud roads.

Question 25

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
2. The British offered markets for Indian agricultural produce (3)

Answer 25

a. But this encouraged specialisation in the higher-value cash-crops (rice and wheat) at the cost of lower value grains (rye, barley, millet and coarse rice )
b. Lower value grains were the main food staple for most of the population.
c. India became dependent on food imports and consumption per head declined.

Question 26

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
3. The British developed schemes for irrigation and land improvements (1)

Answer 26

a. But these only took place where they supported British commercial interests and affected only 6 per cent of the land.

Question 27

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
4. The British provided Indians with cheap British manufactures (1)

Answer 27

a. But India was unable to develop viable industries of its own (such as had once existed) and its economy was skewed.

Question 28

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
5. The British provided schools and universities (2)

Answer 28

a. But only the privileged few could benefit.
b. Illiteracy remained widespread.

Question 28

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
6. The British provided jobs for Indians. (2)

Answer 28

a. Where? (4)
b. However, only a minority of Indians could obtain such employment.

Question 29

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
6. The British provided jobs for Indians. (2)
a. Where? (4)

Answer 29

i. On the railways,
ii. In the army
iii. In the police
iv. In the civil service and as clerks.

Question 30

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
7. Poverty continued (1)

Answer 30

a. Death rates from famine were high.

Question 31

Between which years did Viceroy Canning do an exhaustive tour of India?

Answer 31

1859-1861

Question 32

Why did Viceroy Canning do an exhaustive tour of India between 1859 and 1861?

Answer 32

to win back those who had been dispossessed or felt alienated by British rule

Question 33

Between 1859 and 1861, Viceroy Canning made an exhaustive tour of India designed to win back those who had been dispossessed or felt alienated by British rule. As a result of his efforts:

Answer 33

1. Some land and titles were returned to native Indians.
2. Star of India medals were introduced.
3. Positions in either the Imperial Assembly or Statutory Civil Service were. shared amongst the Indian nobility.
4. More educational establishments, teaching in English, were opened.

Question 34

Where were the universities that were established in 1857?

Answer 34

Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta

Question 35

When were the universities in Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta established?

Answer 35

1857

Question 36

Why were elite schools set up?

Answer 36

To produce “Westernised Oriental Gentlemen.”

Question 37

How many Indians entered universities in the 30 years following 1857?

Answer 37

60,000

Question 38

In how many years following 1857 did 60,000 Indians enter a university?

Answer 38

30

Question 39

Out of the 6,000 Indians who entered a university in the 30 years following 1857, how many went into law?

Answer 39

2,000

Question 40

Out of the 6,000 Indians who entered a university in the 30 years following 1857, what did most do?

Answer 40

There was an overwhelming majority in arts.

Question 41

By 1882, how many graduates of the Calcutta university were there and roughly how many of them then entered government service?

Answer 41

1,712 in total but 1/3 went into government service

Question 42

By what year had there been 1,712 graduates in total in Calcutta’s university?

Answer 42

1882

Question 43

By 1882 how many graduates of all three universities gone into government service?

Answer 43

1,100

Question 44

By which year had 1,100 of all university applicants got into government service?

Answer 44

1882

Question 45

The extension of education (4)

Answer 45

1. Establishment of Universities and Elite Schools (2)
2. University Education (2)
3. Career Opportunities (3)
4. Mary Carpenter’s Contributions (3)

Question 46

The extension of education (4)
1. Establishment of Universities and Elite Schools (2)

Answer 46

a. Universities established in Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta in 1857.
b. Elite schools such as Rajkumar College, Mayo College, and Bombay’s Cathedral School set up to produce “Westernised Oriental Gentlemen.”

Question 47

The extension of education (4)
2. University Education (2)

Answer 47

a. In the 30 years following 1857, 60,000 Indians entered universities.
b. Overwhelming majority in Arts, but 2,000 in Law

Question 48

The extension of education (4)
3. Career Opportunities (3)

Answer 48

a. Of the 1,712 Calcutta students who graduated by 1882, over a third entered government service.
b. Slightly more went into the legal profession.
c. Graduates of the three universities by 1882 accounted for some 1,100 appointments to government service.

Question 49

The extension of education (4)
4. Mary Carpenter’s Contributions (3)

Answer 49

a. Social reformer Mary Carpenter visited India four times between 1866 and 1875.
b. She helped establish British teachers for India and girls’ schools in Bombay and Ahmedabad.
c. Opened a college to train female Indian teachers.

Question 50

How many tea plantations were there in 1851?

Answer 50

1

Question 51

In which year was there only 1 tea plantation?

Answer 51

1851

Question 52

How many tea plantations were there in 1871?

Answer 52

295

Question 53

By which year were there 295 tea plantations?

Answer 53

1871

Question 54

Economic Change (4)

Answer 54

1. Economic Changes Following 1858 (3)
2. Industry (2)
3. Tea Plantations (1)
4. Raw Cotton Production (1)

Question 55

Economic Change (4)
1. Economic Changes Following 1858 (3)

Answer 55

a. Greatest change was an investment in growth.
b. Railways were built more for strategic purposes but helped stimulate trade and development of inaccessible areas.
c. Some European-style factories were built, but most manufactured goods still came from Britain.

Question 56

Economic Change (4)
2. Industry (2)

Answer 56

a. Virtually no heavy industry present in India at the time.
b. The majority of the Indian population relied on farming to provide for their basic needs such as food and shelter rather than selling their products in commercial markets.

Question 57

Economic Change (4)
3. Tea Plantations (1)

Answer 57

a. Number of tea plantations increased from 1 in 1851 to 295 by 1871.

Question 58

Economic Change (4)
4. Raw Cotton Production (1)

Answer 58

a. Domestic production of raw cotton for export to Britain increased in the 1880s and 1890s.

Question 59

Who set up the National Indian Association?

Answer 59

Mary Carpenter

Question 60

When was the National Indian Association set up?

Answer 60

1870

Question 61

Broadly speaking, why was the National Indian Association set up?

Answer 61

To promote reforms in India

Question 62

What was the first reform that the National Indian Association tried to do?

Answer 62

Improve education for Indian women.