Streamlined Suez Canal and Egypt

Question 1

When was the American Civil War?

Answer 1

1861-1865

Question 2

In the 1870s how many of Egypt’s imports were from Britain?

Answer 2

40%

Question 3

When were 40% of Egypt’s imports from britain?

Answer 3

the 1870s

Question 4

How much shorter was the route to India via the Suez Canal as opposed to via cape.

Answer 4

6,000 miles

Question 5

Britain and Egypt (3-“4”)

Answer 5

1. In 1857, the idea that Egypt would fall under British control would probably have been laughed at. (2)
2. British Interest in Egypt (2)
3. Isma’il Pasha’s Modernisation Programme (3) LESS USEFUL, FUN BACKGROUND
4. Importance of the Suez Canal (2)

Question 6

Britain and Egypt (4)
1. In 1857, the idea that Egypt would fall under British control would probably have been laughed at. (2)

Answer 6

a. Although British traders used Egypt as a route. (2)
b. Britain had been largely hostile to the Muslim rulers of Egypt.

Question 7

Britain and Egypt (4)
1. In 1857, the idea that Egypt would fall under British control would probably have been laughed at. (2)
a. Although British traders used Egypt as a route. (2)

Answer 7

i. For centuries between Europe and Asia.
ii. From 18th C as a key route to India.

Question 8

Britain and Egypt (4)
2. British Interest in Egypt (2)

Answer 8

a. Increased during American Civil War (1861-1865) (2)
b. British companies invested in Egyptian cotton production and it’s modernization programme. (2)

Question 9

Britain and Egypt (4)
2. British Interest in Egypt (2)
a. Increased during American Civil War (1861-1865) (2)

Answer 9

i. British mills were starved of raw cotton.
ii. Egypt’s cotton was of high quality and thus now in high demand.

Question 10

Britain and Egypt (4)
2. British Interest in Egypt (2)
b. British companies invested in Egyptian cotton production and it’s modernization programme. (2)

Answer 10

i. Trading interactions grew.
ii. By 1870s, 40% of Egypt’s imports were from Britain.

Question 11

Britain and Egypt (4)
3. Isma’il Pasha’s Modernisation Programme (3)
NOT TOO USEFUL BUT FUN BACKGROUND

Answer 11

a. He came to power in Egypt in 1863
b. Committed to modernization programme initiated by Muhammad Ali Pasha (ruler from 1805-1848) who had already: (2)
c. Embarked on various projects, including: (5)

Question 12

Britain and Egypt (4)
3. Isma’il Pasha’s Modernisation Programme (3)
b. Committed to modernization programme initiated by Muhammad Ali Pasha (ruler from 1805-1848) who had already: (2)
NOT TOO USEFUL BUT FUN BACKGROUND

Answer 12

i. Established a professional army.
ii. Extended Egyptian rule through the Sudan.

Question 13

Britain and Egypt (4)
3. Isma’il Pasha’s Modernisation Programme (3)
c. Embarked on various projects, including: (5)

NOT TOO USEFUL BUT FUN BACKGROUND

Answer 13

i. Irrigation
ii. Railways
iii. Schools
iv. Street lighting
v. Creating of the Suez Canal

Question 14

Britain and Egypt (4)
4. Importance of the Suez Canal (2)

Answer 14

a. Benefited British seafarers and merchants, especially those trading with India and China
b. Route to India was 6,000 miles shorter than it would be via the Cape.

Question 15

When did Ferdinand de Lesseps and the Government of Egypt get the agreement for the Suez Canal Company done?
I’M LEAVING THIS HERE BUT HONESTLY I CANT REALLY SEE THIS BEING THAT IMPORTANT. I could see some arguments to be made though.

Answer 15

1854-1856

Question 16

The original Suez Canal Company agreement meant that the Egyptian government got what percentage of the profits?
KINDA IMPORTANT

Answer 16

15%

Question 17

When was the Suez Canal Company set up?
(not when they start actually building)
NOT TOO IMPORTANT

Answer 17

1858

Question 18

How long did they take to complete the Suez Canal?
NOT TOO IMPORTANT

Answer 18

10 years

Question 19

When did they complete the Suez Canal?

Answer 19

1869

Question 20

When did Isma’il put the Egyptian shares up for sale?

Answer 20

1875

Question 21

How much was Isma’il asking for the Egyptian shares?

Answer 21

£4 million

Question 22

Who was the British Prime Minister who bought the Egyptian shares for the Suez Canal?

Answer 22

Benjamin Disraeli

Question 23

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)

Answer 23

1. Ferdinand de Lesseps and the Creation of the Suez Canal Company (3)
2. Work began on the canal in 1859. (1)
3. British Scepticism towards Suez Canal (2)
4. Immediate and Dramatic Effect of the Suez Canal on World Trade (3)
5. Isma’il Pasha’s Sale of Egypt’s Share in the Canal (3)
6. Benefits of Britain’s share are explained in “British Expansion in Africa”.
7. Control of the canal encouraged further British interest in Egypt.

Question 24

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)
1. Ferdinand de Lesseps and the Creation of the Suez Canal Company (1/2)

Answer 24

French guy obtained an agreement from Egypt to create a company to construct a canal for international shipping.
!!! Shares in the project were made available internationally. !!!

Question 25

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)
3. British Scepticism towards Suez Canal (2)

Answer 25

a. The British did not buy many shares.
b. They thought the canal would be unsuitable for large ships.

Question 26

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)
4. Immediate and Dramatic Effect of the Suez Canal on World Trade (3)

Answer 26

a. Reduced profits of British traders in the Cape who operated warehouses for storing goods.
b. Way fewer people passing their point when travelling but were rather going through the Suez Canal.
c. No longer so many people trading with British Colonies.

Question 27

The Suez Canal- a new passage to India (7)
5. Isma’il Pasha’s Sale of Egypt’s Share in the Canal (3)

Answer 27

a. Pasha is facing lots and lots of debt.
b. In 1875, Isma’il Pasha sought a buyer for Egypt’s share in the canal for £4 million.
c. The British Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli, purchased Egypt’s share.

Question 28

When was Isma’il deposed?

Answer 28

1879

Question 29

After Isma’il was deposed who was appointed the new khedive?

Answer 29

Tewfiq

Question 30

After Tewfiq was made khedive, by how much was the army reduced?

Answer 30

1/3

Question 31

Who led the nationalist rebellion?

Answer 31

Colonel Arabi Pasha and his fellow army officers

Question 32

How many Europeans were living in Egypt?

Answer 32

100,000

Question 33

How many Europeans were killed in the first Alexandra revolt?

Answer 33

50

Question 34

When were 50 Europeans killed on the streets of Alexandria?

Answer 34

June 1882

Question 35

ACCIDENTALLY_NOT_DELETED

Answer 35

OOPS_I_DID_IT_AGAIN

Question 36

deleted

Answer 36

deleted

Question 37

deleted

Answer 37

deleted

Question 38

Once Britain retook Cairo, who did it make it’s puppet ruler?

Answer 38

Tewfiq

Question 39

What’s a puppet ruler?

Answer 39

A ruler who has to act as they are told (in this case by Britain)

Question 40

Who was installed as the first consul-general?

Answer 40

Major Evelyn Baring

Question 41

What nickname was given to Evelyn Baring?

Answer 41

Overbaring

Question 42

When was the convention of London?

Answer 42

1885

Question 43

When was Egypt a client state?

Answer 43

1882-1914

Question 44

How are client states sometimes referred to?

Answer 44

veiled protectorate

Question 45

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)

Answer 45

 New System (3)
 Rebellion and Shift (2)
 Violence (6)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)

Question 46

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 New System (3)

Answer 46

1. Ismail Gets Deposed. (4)
2. New Khedive is Tewfiq. (3)
3. Measures introduced to help economy. (2)

Question 47

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 New System (3)
1. Ismail Gets Deposed. (4)

Answer 47

a. 1879
b. Deposed by an Ottoman Sultan.
c. Not surprising due to continuous economic mismanagement.
d. More broadly a result of both domestic (Turkish??? Could be Egyptian?) and Anglo-French pressure.

Question 48

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 New System (3)
2. New Khedive is Tewfiq. (3)

Answer 48

a. Son of Ismail
b. It was British Money and support that kept Egypt going.
c. Thus, B had a lot of influence.

Question 49

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 New System (3)
3. Measures introduced to help economy. (2)

Answer 49

a. Taxes put on Egyptian food and goods.
b. Army reduced to 1/3 of its size.

Question 50

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Rebellion and Shift (2)

Answer 50

1. Nationalist Rebellion. (2)
2. Tewfiq forced to appoint Arabi’s allies into government positions. (3)

Question 51

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Rebellion and Shift (2)
1. Nationalist Rebellion. (2)

Answer 51

a. The measures that were put in place caused lots of unemployment and thus caused the Nationalist Revolution.
b. Led by Colonel Arabi Pasha and his fellow army officers.

Question 52

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Rebellion and Shift (2)
2. Tewfiq forced to appoint Arabi’s allies into government positions. (3)

Answer 52

a. They have a strong anti-European stance.
b. Provokes British concerns. (4)
c. Festers many political tensions

Question 53

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Rebellion and Shift (2)
2. Tewfiq forced to appoint Arabi’s allies into government positions. (3)
b. Provokes British concerns. (4)

Answer 53

i. Trade
ii. Investment
iii. 100,000 Europeans living in Egypt.
iv. The Canal route to India.

Question 54

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)

Answer 54

1. A series of revolts. (3)
2. Intervention. (2)
3. Arabi Pasha declares war.
4. Kafr el-Dawwar (7)
5. British Forces secure Suez Canal. (3)
6. Battle that defeats Arabi’s forces. (4)

Question 55

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)
1. A series of revolts. (3)

Answer 55

a. 50 Europeans killed on the streets of Alexandria.
b. June 1882
c. This was followed by a series of other revolts across Egypt.

Question 56

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)
2. Intervention. (2)

Answer 56

a. British Prime Minister William Gladstone (liberal) feels he has to intervene.
b. British Naval forces sent to continuously attack Alexandra.

ACTUALLY! there is a chance that i misinturpreted somethig because i think what happened is that Gladstone actuallyy bombarded lexandra BEFORE the massacres as an excuse to increase B precsnce and made the tensions much worse leading to the 50 dead people.

Question 57

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)
6. Battle that defeats Arabi’s forces. (2)

Answer 57

c. Britain retakes Cairo.
d. Restores Tewfiq as a puppet ruler. (1)

Question 58

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Violence (6)
6. Battle that defeats Arabi’s forces. (4)
d. Restores Tewfiq as a puppet ruler. (1)

Answer 58

i. A ruler who has to act as they are told (in this case by Britain)

Question 59

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)

Answer 59

1. Occupation (more or less) Begins. (4)
2. Convention of London. (3)
3. Client State (5)

Question 60

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
1. Occupation (more or less) Begins. (4)

Answer 60

a. This was supposed to be temporary.
b. Was without clearly defined intentions.
c. Major Evelyn Baring installed as Consul General. (2)
d. Tewfiq forced to: (3)

Question 61

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
1. Occupation (more or less) Begins. (4)
c. Major Evelyn Baring installed as Consul General. (2)

Answer 61

i. Britain’s highest governmental representative in an overseas territory.
ii. He was nicknamed “Overbaring”.

Question 62

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
1. Occupation (more or less) Begins. (4)
d. Tewfiq forced to: (3)

Answer 62

i. Make a government that was in Britain’s favour.
ii. Employ British military personnel to supervise army.
iii. Rely on British advisors.

Question 63

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
2. Convention of London. (3)

Answer 63

a. 1885
b. Confirms Britain’s influence.
c. Secured an international Loan for the Egyptian Government

Question 64

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
3. Client State (5)

Answer 64

a. 1882-1914
b. Sometimes referred to as a “veiled protectorate”. (1)
c. This is under the veil of Ottoman and Home rule.
d. Baring led from behind a screen of Egyptian ministers.
e. He was helped by a group of English Administrators.

Question 65

The Establishment of British Control in Egypt (4)
 Occupation and New Egypt (3)
3. Client State (5)
b. Sometimes referred to as a “veiled protectorate”. (1)

Answer 65

i. A state controlled by another in an indirect manner.

Question 66

Can you just give me some facts about Sudan? (4)

Answer 66

a. Borders Egypt
b. The river Nile flows through it.
c. Theories that it has a lot of gold.
d. The Suez Canal also goes past it.

Question 67

Before Isma’il sold the shares in the suez canal, how many shares were held by frenchmen? (2)

Answer 67

1. 50% French (not one individual but lots of small groups)

Question 68

Before Isma’il sold the shares in the suez canal, how many shares were held by Egyptians? (2)

Answer 68

2. 44% Egyptian Government

Question 69

Before Isma’il sold the shares in the suez canal, how many shares were held by Ottomans? (2)

Answer 69

3. 6% private wealthy Ottoman Individuals

Question 70

In 1869, what proportion of the ships using the Suez Canal are British?

Answer 70

3/4

Question 71

In which year were 3/4 of the ships using the Suez Canal British?

Answer 71

1869

Question 72

When did Isma’il put the shares up for sale?

Answer 72

1875

Question 73

how big were Isma’il’s debts that he was willing to put the governments shares in the suez canal up for sale?

Answer 73

a. 100 million

Question 74

How much did Disraeli buy Egypts shares for?

Answer 74

b. £4,000,000

Question 75

Movements made. (5)

Answer 75

1. Conservative (pro-imperial) PM Benjamin Disraeli. Knows that British needs to have a stake in the Canal.
2. By 1875, the leader Ismail had massive debts (Egypt’s debts in total) (2)
3. Disraeli immediately bought up the shares. (2)
4. Once The British have a controlling share in the canal, they start to pay more attention to the rest of Egypt. (3)
5. His justifications that he says afterwards. (4)

Question 76

Movements made. (5)
2. By 1875, the leader Ismail had massive debts (Egypt’s debts in total) (2)

Answer 76

a. 100 million pound debts
b. SO, he puts the Egyptian Shares for the Canal up for sale.

Question 77

Movements made. (5)
3. Disraeli immediately bought up the shares. (2)

Answer 77

a. Doesn’t consult parliament. Just buys it by borrowing money from a personal friend.
b. £4,000,000

Question 78

Movements made. (5)
4. Once The British have a controlling share in the canal, they start to pay more attention to the rest of Egypt. (3)

Answer 78

a. They have the control because all of the other shares are owned by small groups.
b. So, any votes that they make the British Government wins.
c. Because they are effectively one person owning the shares and so all of that shares’ worth is voting for one thing.

Question 79

Movements made. (5)
5. His justifications that he says afterwards. (4)

Answer 79

a. It’s not to do with money (although there is money to be made)
b. A hostile power should not be in charge to a strategic route to India.
c. Allows for other dependencies.
d. MAINTENANCE