The structure of neurones Flashcards
neurones
cells specialised for the rapid transmission of impulses throughout an organism
receptor cells
specialised neurones that respond to changes in the environment
effector cells
specialised cells that bring about a response if stimulated by a neurone
sense organs
groups of receptors working together to detect changes in the environment
central nervous system (CNS)
a specialised concentration of nerve cells which process incoming information and which send out impulses through motor neurones, which carry impulses to the effector organs
sensory neurone
neurones that carry impulses from receptors about the internal or external environment into the central nervous system
motor neurones
neurones that carry impulses from the central nervous system to the effector organs
nerves
bundles (groups) of nerve fibres which may be all axons from motor neurones, all dendrons from sensory neurones or a mixture of both in a mixed nerve
peripheral nervous system
the parts of the nervous system that spread through the body and are not involved in the central nervous system
nerve impulses
the electrical signals transmitted through the neurones of the nervous system
dendrites
the thin, finger-like extensions from the cell body of a neurone that connect with neighbouring neurones
axon
the long nerve fibre of a motor neurone, which carries the nerve impulse
dendron
the long nerve fibre of a sensory neurone which carries the nerve impulse
Schwann cell
a specialised type of cell associated with myelinated neurones which forms the myelin sheath
myelin sheath
a fatty layer around some vertebrate neurones produced by the Schwann cell
