The importance of ATP

Question 1

autotrophic

Answer 1

organisms that make complex organic compounds from simple compounds in the environment

Question 2

photosynthesis

Answer 2

the process by which living organisms, particularly plants and algae, capture the energy of the sun using chlorophyll and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars

Question 3

heterotrophic

Answer 3

organisms that obtain complex organic molecules by feeding on the other living organisms or their dead remains

Question 4

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 4

a nucleotide that acts as the universal energy supply in cells. It is made up of the base adenine, the pentose sugar ribose and three phosphate groups

Question 5

ATPase

Answer 5

the enzyme which catalyses the formation and breakdown of ATP, depending on the conditions

Question 6

adenine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 6

a nucleotide formed when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy to drive reactions in the cell

Question 7

reduction/oxidation reactions (redox reactions)

Answer 7

reactions in which one reactant loses electrons (is oxidised) and another gains electrons (is reduced)

Question 8

electron transport chain

Answer 8

a series of electron-carrying compounds along which electrons are transferred in a series of oxidation/ reduction reactions, driving the production of ATP