Specific Response to Infection

Question 1

immune response

Answer 1

the specific response of the body to invasion by pathogens

Question 2

lymphocytes

Answer 2

small leucocytes with very large nuclei that are vitally important in the specific immune response of the body; they make up the main cellular components of the immune system; they are made in the white bone marrow of the long bones

Question 3

B cells

Answer 3

lymphocytes that are made and mature in the bone marrow; once they are mature, they are found in the lymph glands and free in the body

Question 4

immunoglobins

Answer 4

antibodies

Question 5

B effector cells

Answer 5

lymphocytes that area made and mature in the bone marrow which divide to form the plasma cell clones

Question 6

plasma cells

Answer 6

cells that produce antibodies to particular antigens at a rate of around 2000 antibodies per second

Question 7

B memory cells

Answer 7

lymphocytes that are made and mature in the bone marrow and that provide the immunological memory to a specific antigen; they allow the body to respond very rapidly to the same pathogen carrying the same antigen a second time

Question 8

T cells

Answer 8

lymphocytes made in the bone marrow that mature and become active in the thymus gland

Question 9

T killer cells

Answer 9

lymphocytes that mature in the thymus gland and produce chemicals that destroy pathogens

Question 10

T helper cells

Answer 10

lymphocytes that mature in the thymus gland and are involved in the process that produces antibodies against the antigens on a particular pathogen

Question 11

opsibubs

Answer 11

chemicals which bind to pathogens and label them, so they are more easily recognised by phagocytes

Question 12

T memory cells

Answer 12

very long-lived cells which constitute part of the immunological memory

Question 13

major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins

Answer 13

proteinss that display antigens on the cell surface membrane

Question 14

antigen-presenting cell (APC)

Answer 14

a cell displaying an antigen/ MHC protein complex

Question 15

clone

Answer 15

a group of genetically identical cells which are all produced from one cell

Question 16

clonal section

Answer 16

the selection of the cells that carry the right antibody for a specific antigen

Question 17

plasma cell clones

Answer 17

clones of identical plasma cells that all produce the same antibody

Question 18

agglutination

Answer 18

the grouping together of cells caused when antibodies bind to the antigens on pathogens

Question 19

opsonisation

Answer 19

a process that makes a pathogen more easily recognised, engulfed and digested by phagocytes

Question 20

neutralisation

Answer 20

the action of antibodies in neutralising the effects of bacterial toxins on cells by binding to them