Chloroplasts and Chlorophyll

Question 1

chloroplasts envelope

Answer 1

the outer and inner membranes of a chloroplast including the intermembrane space

Question 2

grana

Answer 2

layers of thylakoid membranes within a chloroplast

Question 3

lamellae

Answer 3

extensions of the thylakoid membranes which connect two or more grana and act as a supporting skeleton in the chloroplast; they maintain a working distance between the grana so that these receive the maximum light and function as efficiently as possible

Question 4

stroma

Answer 4

the matrix which surrounds the grana and contains all the enzymes needed to complete the process of photosynthesis and produce glucose

Question 5

chlorophyll a

Answer 5

a blue-green photosynthetic pigment, found in all green plants

Question 6

chlorophyll b

Answer 6

a yellow-green photosynthetic pigment

Question 7

carotenoids

Answer 7

photosynthetic pigments consisting of orange carotene and yellow xanthophyll

Question 8

phaeophytin

Answer 8

a grey pigment which is produced by the breakdown of the other photosynthetic pigments

Question 9

absorption spectrum

Answer 9

a graph showing the amount of light absorbed by a pigment against the wavelength of the light

Question 10

action spectrum

Answer 10

a graph demonstrating the rate of photosynthesis against the wavelength of the light

Question 11

Rf value

Answer 11

the ratio of the distance travelled by the pigment to the distance travelled by the solvent alone when pigments are separated by chromatography

Question 12

photosystem 1 (PSI)

Answer 12

a combination of chlorophyll pigments which absorbs light of wavelength 700 nm and is involved in cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation

Question 13

photosystem 2 (PSII)

Answer 13

a combination of chlorophyll pigments which absorbs light of wavelength 60nm and is involved only in non-cyclic phosphorylation