The structure and function of the descending tract Part 1 Flashcards
What does voluntary movement entail
Voluntary movement involves planning, initiation and execution. Many different areas of the brain are required to produce complex and coordinated movements. Loss of each area lead to deficits in movement and movement control.
Hierarchical organisation of the motor system 1-3
1-Cerebral cortex
2-Brainstem
3-Spinal Cord
What are other areas of the brain that are involved with the Hierarchical organisation of the motor system called?
Parallel organisation
What is the parallel system
other areas of the brain that are involved with the Hierarchical organisation of the motor system
What are some of the areas in the parallel organisation
What do they do?
Basal nuclei
Cerebellum
Coordinate, regulate, refine movement
What does the hiercherachy and parallel organisation look like?
Brainscape pictures/ capture 1
Folder and picture
What are the steps taken before an electrical signal is sent down the brain to initiate voluntary movement
A linear sequence of steps with a series of transformations between coordinate systems:
- Identify target/goal
- Locate it in external space
- Determine limb trajectory (internal representation of arm/hand relative to target)
- Calculate the forces necessary to generate desired trajectory
What do we use in our brain to Identify target/goal and Locate it in external space?
Visual system/ retinotopic space
What do we use in our brain to Determine limb trajectory (internal representation of arm/hand relative to target)?
Body or hand centred system
What do we use in our brain to Calculate the forces necessary to generate desired trajectory?
muscle- based reference frame
What are motor areas
areas from which movement can be evoked by the lowest stimulus intensity
What do cortical regions involved in movement do?
Plan, control and execute (initiate) movement
What are the range of techniques that are used to identify the different motor areas
Stimulation studies
Lesion effects
Anatomical experiments
Imaging studies in humans Electrophysiological recordings
What are some cortical regions involved in movement
Primary motor cortex
Premotor area
Supplementary motor cortex
Cingulate motor areas
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
Precentral gyrus in the frontal lobe