Structure and function of the basal ganglia Part 1

Question 1

Why is saying the basal ganglia wrong? What is the correct way?

Answer 1

because ganglia are a Collection of neuronal bodies

Basal nuxlei

Question 2

Where is the basal nuclei found?

Answer 2

towards the base of the brain, subcortical

Question 3

What are the nuclei that make up the basal nuclei from outer to innner

Answer 3

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus 
Substantia nigra

Question 4

Where does information projected to the basal nuclei mostly come from

Answer 4

Prefrontal cortex

Question 5

Where does information in the basal nuclei project to?

Answer 5

Projects to the ventral lateral (VLo) nucleus then back to the cortex (supplementary motor area) as a loop

Question 6

What is the role of the basal nuclei?

Answer 6

Co-ordinating Initiation and control of voluntary movemetts with the cortex

Question 7

What matter is basal neuclei made of and why?

Answer 7

Grey matter

cell bodies

Question 8

Where is the caudate nuclei based

Answer 8

Lateral to the ventricles

Question 9

What makes up the striatum?

Answer 9

Caudate nucleus

Putamen

Question 10

What are the Caudate nucleus and Putamen collectively known as? Why

Answer 10

Striatum

Striated appearance given by the separation of the two components by the internal capsule white matte tracts

Question 11

Where does information to the basal nuclei enter

Answer 11

The striatum

Question 12

What makes up the lentiform/ lenticular nucleus?

Answer 12

Putamen

Globus palidus

Question 13

What are the

Globus pallidus and Putamen collectively known as? why

Answer 13

lentiform/ lenticular nucleus

refers to the arm shape of two nuclei visualised together

Question 14

How is the Globus pallidus divided and why?

Answer 14

external and internal segments

Work separately from each other

Question 15

What is the output region of the basal nuclei

Answer 15

Internal segments of the globus pallidus

substantia nigra pars reticulata

Question 16

Where does the Internal segments of the globus pallidus project to?

Answer 16

Directly to the thalamus

Question 17

What is the external segment of the globus pallidus

Answer 17

internal projecting collection nurons

Question 18

With the subthalmic nucleus what does the external segment of the globus pallidus do

Answer 18

connect different regions with different output regions of the basal nuclei

Question 19

What is the substantia nuclei nigra divided into?

Answer 19

Pars compacta

Pars reticula

Question 20

Where does the pars compacta project to?

Answer 20

Striatum

internal regulating connection

Question 21

What type of neurons are in the substantia nigra

Answer 21

Dopamine- containing neurons

Question 22

What area of the basal ganglia shrink or are lost due to parkinsons disease

Answer 22

Substantia nigra

Question 23

What disease causes Substantia nigra to shrink or completely be lost?

Answer 23

Parkinson’s disease

Question 24

What is the nucleus accumbens a part of?

Answer 24

Vental striatum

Question 25

What is the nucleus accumbens incolved in?

Answer 25

Motivation and reward

Question 26

What part of the basal ganglia are involved in motivation and reward?

Answer 26

nucleus accumbens