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Neurology > Functional organisation of the brain and spinal cord > Flashcards

Functional organisation of the brain and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system

A

Crainial nerves

Spinal nerves

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3
Q

Where is the brain located?

A

Within the skull

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4
Q

Where is the peripheral nervous system located

A

Spinal cord- within the veterbral collumn

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5
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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6
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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7
Q

What is the brainstem made of?

A

medullla
pons
midbrain

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8
Q

What is the diencephalon made of?

A

Thalmus

hypothalmus

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9
Q

What is the cerebrum made of?

A 
Cortex
Amygdala
hippocampus
basl ganglia
white matter
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10
Q

What is the order of the brainstem from top to bottom?

A

midbrain
Pons
medulla

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11
Q

What are the functions of the medulla

A

Medulla - cardiovascular and respiratory control; nuclei that relay information about taste, hearing, balance; control of neck and facial muscles

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12
Q

What are the functions of the pons

A

Pons - respiration, sleep, taste, bladder control, hearing, swallowing, taste, eye and facial movements, posture, facial sensation, nuclei that relay information about movement and sensation, major input to cerebellum

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13
Q

What are the functions of the midbrain

A

components of auditory and visual systems: auditory and visual reflexes substantial nigra — part of basal ganglia with key role in motor contro

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14
Q

What is the function of pineal body

A

Regulation of diurnal rhythms

Synthesise melatonin

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15
Q

What function is the superior and inferior corticulus

A

Visual and audiotary dunctions

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16
Q

What is the thalamus essential for?

A

Essential for transfer of all sensory information (except olfaction) — nuclei in thalamus receive sensory information and then relay it to cortex
Gates and modulates sensory information
Involved in integration of motor control

17
Q

What is the function of hypothalamus

A

Regulates homeostasis and behaviours necessary for sexual reproduction
E.g. controls growth, drinking, eating, maternal behaviour, circadian rhythms,
Extensive connections to rest of CNS
Connected to the pituitary gland

18
Q

What function is the cerebrum?

A 
Perception 
Motor planning
Cognition
Emotion
Memory
19
Q

What is the function of the amygdala

A

Social behavior

20
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus

A

Memory

21
Q

Which lobe is the hippocampus and amydala located

A

temporal lobe

22
Q

What make up the basal nuclei

A 
Caudete
Putamen
Globus pallidus
substantia nigra 
thalamic
23
Q

What is the function of the basal nuclei

A

control of movements

24
Q

What is the function of the white matter

A

To carry information between the cortex through axons

25
Q

What are sulci

A

Grooves

26
Q

What are gyri

A

raised areas between groves

27
Q

What is the central sulcus

A

groove that seperates the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe

28
Q

What and where are the sensory cortex in the cerebral cortex

A

visual- occiptal
Somatosensory- parietal lobe imedialtely after the central sucus
vestibular- somatosensory cortex- parietal
Gustatory- behind the vestibular- parietal
Olfactory- temporal
Auditory- adjacent to the olfactory- temporal

29
Q

What is the different types of motor cortex

A

Supplementary motor cortex
Primary motor cortex
Premotor cortex

30
Q

Where is the motor cortex situated?

A

Frontal lobe

31
Q

What happens when you decide to make a conscious movement?

A

First cells in premotir and supplementary fire first before primary

32
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made of?

A

Somatomotor

autonomic nervous stem

33
Q

What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres in terms of structure

A 
Sympathetic
Short preganglionic fibre
Long paraganglionic fibre
Para
Opposite
34
Q

What is the main blood supply to the brain?

A

Common carotid

Vertebral artery

35
Q

Explain the blood supply draining into the brain

A 
Two Vertebral artery (running along brain stem)-
Joins into Basliar artery( runs along the pons) - splits into  posterior/ superior cerebral artery 
Common carotid ( internal carotid artery)-  middle cerebral artery- anterior cerebral artery- joined by anterior communiccating artery
Posterior communicating artery joins the two blood supplies together
Vertebral artery also breaks off the form anteroir spinal artery in the middle of the two branches 31;43

Neurology (14 decks)

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