The Structure and Function of Living Organisms: Nutrition in Humans and Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is the human alimentary canal?
The alimentary canal is a muscular tube, which extends from the mouth to the anus.
What is the use of the mouth?
The two functions of the mouth are eating and speaking which are essential for human survival.
What is the use of the oesophagus?
It connects the mouth to the stomach and when a food is chewed in the mouth and swallowed it uses peristalsis to pass the food from the mouth to the stomach.
What is the use of the stomach?
Temporary storage for food and there is the mixing and breakdown of food by contraction and relaxation of the muscle layers in the stomach.
What is the use of the small intestine?
It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients and water from food so they can be used by the body.
What is the use of the large intestine?
To absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over
What is the use of the pancreas?
Your pancreas is important for digesting food and managing your use of sugar for energy after digestion
What is the use of the liver?
The liver regulates most chemical levels in the blood and excretes a product called bile
What is peristalsis?
Peristalsis is a series of wavelike muscle contractions that move food through the oesophagus
What is bile?
Bile is used for neutralising stomach acids and emulsifying lipids
Where is bile made?
The liver
Where is bile stored?
The gallbladder
What are enzymes in metabolic reactions
biological catalysts
What is the term optimum temperature meant for with enzyme function
The temperature in which an enzyme will function best
What is the term optimum pH meant for with enzyme function
The pH in which an enzyme works at it’s best
What are proteins made up of and broken down into
Amino acids
What are starch and glycogen made up of and broken down into
simple sugars
What are lipids made up of and broken down into
Fatty acids and glycerol
What digestive enzymes turn starch to glucose
Amylase and maltase
What digestive enzymes turn proteins into amino acids
Proteases
What digestive enzymes turn lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Lipases
How has the small intestine adapated
For absorption including the structure of villus
What limiting factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis
CO2 concentration
Light intensity
Temperature
What is the photosynthesis symbol equation
H2O + CO2 ==> O2 + C6H12O6
What is the photosynthesis word equation
Water + Carbon dioxide ==> oxygen + glucose
What is the photosynthesis balanced symbol equation
6H2O + 6CO2 ==> 6O2 + C6H12O6
