The Spread Of The Terror Flashcards
The terror - what (4)
Name given to the period between 5 September 1793 - 27 July 1794
Local terrors = represents en mission + Comites de surveillance
Economic terror = bought about from the maximum
Religious terror = dechristianisation
The terror - victims (2)
40,000
Estimated 17,000 killed by the guillotine
What did the convention declare in September 1793
Must destroy all its enemies or they would destroy the republic
What did the conventions declaration lead to (3+)
Increase in the numbers of those bought to the tribunal
Between march - September = 260 cases + 66 to guillotine (paris)
Between September - march = 500,000 cases + 180 guillotined (paris)
Who + when first at the show trials (3)
Marie Antoinette
14 October 1793
Guillotined on 16 October 1793
What was Marie Antoinette accused of (5)
Orgies
Squandering gov money
Conspiracy against internal and external security of state
Sharing intelligence with the enemy
Incest with her son
When trial for Girondins (3)
24 October 1793
21 expelled Girondin leaders
31 October = all executed in space of 36 minutes
What + when speech by Saint-Just (2)
10 October 1793
Justify an intense campaign across the departments
What did Saint-Just campaign use (4)
Comites de surveillance = monitor every resident
Armees de revolutionaries = roam countryside and clamp down on federalist + counter revolutionary activities
Spies + agents from CGS
Atrocities and deaths in vendee (2)
7873 guillotined
November - January = 2000 killed through mass drownings
Atrocities and deaths in Toulon
700-800 prisoners shot or slain by bayonet in a massacre at Toulon champ de Mars
Atrocities and deaths at Lyons (4+)
December = Mitraillades
Condemned were killed using canons which propelled them into mass graves
So brutal the convention ordered it cease at the end of the month
1794 = 2000 had been executed
When was Toulon recaptured
19 December
When did Lyons surrender
October
What was the dechristianisation campaign by SC (3)
Supported a move to close churches + destroy all religious signs and symbols
Principally cantered in Paris
Encouraged by agitators Hรฉbert and Chaumette
In October what did the Paris commune do
October 1793 = made dechristianisation an official policy
What happened to religious statues and replaced example (3)
Removed or vandalised
Figures on west front of north dame cathedral were beheaded
Busts of Marat were popular replacements
What happened to church property
Bells and plates were melted down to use for coins and weapons
Street names changed?
Street names with religious references (including saint) were changed
What happened to churches + when
November 1793 = churches closed altogether
What happened to the north dame cathedral (2)
Became the โtemple of reasonโ
Movement = โfestival of reasonโ organised by the Paris commune
What was the festival of reason (5)
An opera singer representing liberty
Attended by young maidens
Vast displays of flowers and plants
Attendees paid homage to her
Sung republican hymns
Robespierre opinion on the festival (3)
Wasnโt authorised by the NC and they refused to attend as a body
Robespierre feared it would earn the revolution more enemies
Believed faith = maintain control and order
Why did religious toleration come back + when
December 1793 = peasants attacked local jacobin club
Decree on the โliberty of cultsโ = religious toleration reaffirmed