Internal And External War Flashcards
What was the advance of the French armies inspired by (2+)
Revolutionary idealism = fraternity
Frances desperate need for money = conquests bought assets which could be sold for cash
When was the war of the first coalition (3+)
Lasted 1792 to 1797
Members = Austria, Prussia and Piedmont-Sardinia
From 1793 also included GB, Portugal and United provinces
Failures for France - war of first coalition 1792 (2+)
August = prussians take Longwry + Lafayette defected
September = prussians take verdun
Success for France - first war of coalitions 1792 (3+)
September = under Dumouriez French win battle of Valmy
October = Prussia retreats verdun and Longwry
November = French take Brussels, liege, Ostend, mechelen + Antwerp
War of the first coalition in 1793 (3+)
February = France declares war of GB and United provinces
March = Spain declares war on France
April = dumouriez defects to Austrians
Uprisings within France 1793 (2)
February 1793 = rebellion in Vendee
May = uprisings in Lyons and other cities
Why vendee rebellion (3+)
Rural, conservative, catholic
Large number of refractory priests
Sale of church lands = new bourgeoisie land owners who raised rent = peasants worse off
What vendee rebellion (3)
March = catholic and royal army of the vendee formed
14 march = Cholet (major city) seized
Massacres of local officials, juring priests, NG
Vendee rebellion defeated (5+)
May = Convention sent 30,000 men = failed
June = revolt was heading for Paris
1 august = convention decreed the destruction of vendee
6 September = army of 100,000 arrived
By December = core of Vendeean army destroyed
Attempt to establish wartime control - October 1792 (2)
October 1792 = committee of general security (CGS)
Policing and administration of justice
Attempt to establish war time control - February 1793 (2)
Draft of 300,000 men ordered to be carried out
Led to the vendee rebellion = protesting this draft
Representants en mission march 1793 - what (4)
Worked in pairs and travelled across France
Ensure loyalty + monitor urban revolt
Maintain law and order in departments and armies
Unlimited powers to oversee conscription
What + when revolutionary tribunal
March 1793
Established to try counter revolutionaries
19 march 1793 - establish wartime control
New law decreed that rebels bearing arms could be executed without appeal within 24hours
What was set up in march 1793 to ensure wartime control (3)
Representants en mission
Revolutionary tribunal
Comites de surveillance
What comites de surveillance (3)
Established by every commune or town
Looked out for suspicious behaviour
Couldn’t arrest but suspected were to be handed over to tribunals
April 1793 - wartime control (3)
Committee of public safety (CPS)
Essentially a ‘war cabinet’ of nine men
Set up to lead the country in war and deal with treachery
The enrages
Campaigned against anyone profiting of off high food prices
Sans culottes dissatisfaction (2)
Wages, food prices, living conditions no better than what they were in 1789
British naval blockade + assignats = inflation
How did food prices increase (2)
90% from 1791 to 1793
Wages rose by only 80% and unemployment grew
Why inspired attacks on Girondins
Jean Paul Marat blamed Girondins who he portrayed as bourgeoisie businessmen for Frances problems
What did Danton use to portray Girondins as enemies to liberty (3)
12 April 1793 Girondins produced an indictment for marats arrest due to his words against them
Tried before tribunal but acquitted
Carried back to NC in triumph by SC
What caused Robespierre to create price controls
3rd May 1793 = 8000 SC outside the national convention demanding price controls on bread
Impact of the price controls
Alliance between jacobins and SC formed
What + what girondins expelled?? (2+)
26 May 1793 = Robespierre called for a rising against corrupt deputies in the convention
31 May - 2 June = 1000s of SC + NG demanded girondins be expelled
Impact of expelling the girondins (2)
Jacobins able to dominate the convention
Came at the price of submitting the SC and armed forces
Why was there a federalist revolt (2)
Expulsion of Girondins
Revolt in departments beyond Paris were girondin support was strongest
Federalist revolt what (3)
29 May 1793 = Jacobin leaders in Lyons forced out of office
Beginning of June 1793 = similar expulsions of jacobins in other cities
60 out of 83 departments protested
Federalist revolt in Toulon (4)
Went further after expelling jacobin leaders
Merged with a royalists
Appealed with help from Anglo-Spanish fleet
Proclaimed Louis XVII as king
Defeat of federalist revolt in Toulon + others (2)
Toulon taken in December = strategic planning of young napoleon
Between July and October other rising successfully crushed
When was there the jacobin constitution
24 June 1793
What did the jacobin constitution establish (2)
An ‘Executive council’ which was subservient to the assembly
Replace the king and his ministers
Was the jacobin constitution put in place why not/why
No because of the wartime situation
What did the jacobin constitution decree (3+)
All adult males had the right to vote
Every man had right to express himself through direct political action
Everyone had right to public assistance - state must provide work and those unable to mus the provided with ‘the means of substance’
Summary (4+)
Demands of war led to establishment of a number of means to increase central control
War also bought fall of Girondins - seen as too moderate
Growing alliance between SC and jacobins
Expulsion of Girondins led to internal war = federalist revolts in some of Frances largest cities and towns
