Internal And External War

Question 1

What was the advance of the French armies inspired by (2+)

Answer 1

Revolutionary idealism = fraternity
Frances desperate need for money = conquests bought assets which could be sold for cash

Question 2

When was the war of the first coalition (3+)

Answer 2

Lasted 1792 to 1797
Members = Austria, Prussia and Piedmont-Sardinia
From 1793 also included GB, Portugal and United provinces

Question 3

Failures for France - war of first coalition 1792 (2+)

Answer 3

August = prussians take Longwry + Lafayette defected
September = prussians take verdun

Question 4

Success for France - first war of coalitions 1792 (3+)

Answer 4

September = under Dumouriez French win battle of Valmy
October = Prussia retreats verdun and Longwry
November = French take Brussels, liege, Ostend, mechelen + Antwerp

Question 5

War of the first coalition in 1793 (3+)

Answer 5

February = France declares war of GB and United provinces
March = Spain declares war on France
April = dumouriez defects to Austrians

Question 6

Uprisings within France 1793 (2)

Answer 6

February 1793 = rebellion in Vendee
May = uprisings in Lyons and other cities

Question 7

Why vendee rebellion (3+)

Answer 7

Rural, conservative, catholic
Large number of refractory priests
Sale of church lands = new bourgeoisie land owners who raised rent = peasants worse off

Question 8

What vendee rebellion (3)

Answer 8

March = catholic and royal army of the vendee formed
14 march = Cholet (major city) seized
Massacres of local officials, juring priests, NG

Question 9

Vendee rebellion defeated (5+)

Answer 9

May = Convention sent 30,000 men = failed
June = revolt was heading for Paris
1 august = convention decreed the destruction of vendee
6 September = army of 100,000 arrived
By December = core of Vendeean army destroyed

Question 10

Attempt to establish wartime control - October 1792 (2)

Answer 10

October 1792 = committee of general security (CGS)
Policing and administration of justice

Question 11

Attempt to establish war time control - February 1793 (2)

Answer 11

Draft of 300,000 men ordered to be carried out
Led to the vendee rebellion = protesting this draft

Question 12

Representants en mission march 1793 - what (4)

Answer 12

Worked in pairs and travelled across France
Ensure loyalty + monitor urban revolt
Maintain law and order in departments and armies
Unlimited powers to oversee conscription

Question 13

What + when revolutionary tribunal

Answer 13

March 1793
Established to try counter revolutionaries

Question 14

19 march 1793 - establish wartime control

Answer 14

New law decreed that rebels bearing arms could be executed without appeal within 24hours

Question 15

What was set up in march 1793 to ensure wartime control (3)

Answer 15

Representants en mission
Revolutionary tribunal
Comites de surveillance

Question 16

What comites de surveillance (3)

Answer 16

Established by every commune or town
Looked out for suspicious behaviour
Couldn’t arrest but suspected were to be handed over to tribunals

Question 17

April 1793 - wartime control (3)

Answer 17

Committee of public safety (CPS)
Essentially a ‘war cabinet’ of nine men
Set up to lead the country in war and deal with treachery

Question 18

The enrages

Answer 18

Campaigned against anyone profiting of off high food prices

Question 19

Sans culottes dissatisfaction (2)

Answer 19

Wages, food prices, living conditions no better than what they were in 1789
British naval blockade + assignats = inflation

Question 20

How did food prices increase (2)

Answer 20

90% from 1791 to 1793
Wages rose by only 80% and unemployment grew

Question 21

Why inspired attacks on Girondins

Answer 21

Jean Paul Marat blamed Girondins who he portrayed as bourgeoisie businessmen for Frances problems

Question 22

What did Danton use to portray Girondins as enemies to liberty (3)

Answer 22

12 April 1793 Girondins produced an indictment for marats arrest due to his words against them
Tried before tribunal but acquitted
Carried back to NC in triumph by SC

Question 23

What caused Robespierre to create price controls

Answer 23

3rd May 1793 = 8000 SC outside the national convention demanding price controls on bread

Question 24

Impact of the price controls

Answer 24

Alliance between jacobins and SC formed

Question 25

What + what girondins expelled?? (2+)

Answer 25

26 May 1793 = Robespierre called for a rising against corrupt deputies in the convention
31 May - 2 June = 1000s of SC + NG demanded girondins be expelled

Question 26

Impact of expelling the girondins (2)

Answer 26

Jacobins able to dominate the convention
Came at the price of submitting the SC and armed forces

Question 27

Why was there a federalist revolt (2)

Answer 27

Expulsion of Girondins
Revolt in departments beyond Paris were girondin support was strongest

Question 28

Federalist revolt what (3)

Answer 28

29 May 1793 = Jacobin leaders in Lyons forced out of office
Beginning of June 1793 = similar expulsions of jacobins in other cities
60 out of 83 departments protested

Question 29

Federalist revolt in Toulon (4)

Answer 29

Went further after expelling jacobin leaders
Merged with a royalists
Appealed with help from Anglo-Spanish fleet
Proclaimed Louis XVII as king

Question 30

Defeat of federalist revolt in Toulon + others (2)

Answer 30

Toulon taken in December = strategic planning of young napoleon
Between July and October other rising successfully crushed

Question 31

When was there the jacobin constitution

Answer 31

24 June 1793

Question 32

What did the jacobin constitution establish (2)

Answer 32

An ‘Executive council’ which was subservient to the assembly
Replace the king and his ministers

Question 33

Was the jacobin constitution put in place why not/why

Answer 33

No because of the wartime situation

Question 34

What did the jacobin constitution decree (3+)

Answer 34

All adult males had the right to vote
Every man had right to express himself through direct political action
Everyone had right to public assistance - state must provide work and those unable to mus the provided with ‘the means of substance’

Question 35

Summary (4+)

Answer 35

Demands of war led to establishment of a number of means to increase central control
War also bought fall of Girondins - seen as too moderate
Growing alliance between SC and jacobins
Expulsion of Girondins led to internal war = federalist revolts in some of Frances largest cities and towns