The Progress Of War Flashcards
What led to the levee en masse (3)
Defeats increased = fear in SC
Demanded people be given the opportunity to rise up against their enemies
Demanded retribution on military generals who defected
When + who levee en masse + what (3)
23 august 1793
Bertrand Barère
Forced all French to participate in the war
Specific levee en masse decrees (5+)
All men without immediate dependants were to give immediate military service
Married men = forge weapons and transport supplies
Women = make tents + serve in hospitals
Old = excite the courage of warriors and preach hatred of kings and unity of republic
Children = shred old linen for lint
What did Carnot and saint-just do (3)
Created a commission of scientists and technicians
Supported development of telegraph to carry dispatches from the war
Established a company of balloonists to observe the enemy from the air
Who + when invented the telegraph
1792
Claude Chappe
Who was Lazare Carnot (4+)
Scientists + military engineer
Jacobin in the national convention
Member of committee of public safety - organised supplies for the army
Nicknamed the ‘organiser of victory’
Who was Saint-Just (4+)
Jacobin in the NC
On the CPS
Regarded as cold, bloodthirsty and an inhuman fanatic
Nicknamed ‘Angel of terror’
Manufacturing in France (3+)
Professional training centre for 800 students set up
By 1794 France had over a million men in arms
14 armies were well trained and supplied
What became a policitical crime
Military defeat or failure to follow through a victory
Carnot and saint-just ideas about generals (2+)
Wanted to replace ‘aristocratic generals’ or those associated with the ancien regime with younger commanders who were totally committed to the revolution
1793 = a total of 17 generals were executed
What was progress of war by the end of 1793
France was left in ascendant (rising in power + influence)
What was the CPS responsible for (2)
Supervising and facilitating the execution measures taken by the provisional executive council
Had authority over CGS and other special committees (Representants en mission)
Who were the dominant members of the CPS (5+)
Robespierre
Saint-Just
Couthon
Carnot
Supposed to change once a month but from September didnt
What did the CPS do unchallenged (3)
September 1793 - July 1794
Governed France unchallenged
Met at night
What did the CPS ideas lead to (4)
Intense and ruthless campaign to destroy all counter revolutionaries + win the war = bought arbitrary government + the ‘terror’ to Frances
When + who murder if Marat (2)
17 July 1793
Charlotte Corday = Girondin + counter-revolutionary
Reaction to marats death (2)
SC demanded all suspects be arrested
Their ever increasing demands for action posed a real threat to the authority of the CPS and NC
Why + when did the SC march on the convention again (3+)
5 September 1793
Demanded lower bread prices, higher wages and attack on those oppressing the people
NC had little choice but to agree to action
What did the SC action do in September 1793
Produced some major pieces of legislation
9 September due to SC action (3+)
Convention established SC paramilitary forces = armees revolutionnaries
They were to force farmers to surrender grain + attack hoarders
Members = paid, armed and placed under military command
17 September - due to SC action (2)
Law of suspects passed
Provided a new definition for the word ‘suspect’
What was considered and suspect and what (3++)
Could be arrested for their conduct, relationships, words or writings
Nobles, relatives of emigres, hoarders etc = suspects
Comites de surveillance required to draw up lists of suspects, issue warrants and give these lists to CGS
29 September - due to SC action (3+)
New law of general maximum replaced the first price controls law (first law of general maximum)
Laid down a max price for grain, flour, meat, oil, onions, soap, firewood, leather and paper
And it imposed wage regulations
Who did the SC make the convention make members of the CPS (3)
Jacques-Nicholas Billlaud-Varenne
Jean-Marie Callot d’Herbois
Two activists
Summary (3+)
French fortunes improved = levee en masse and skill of Carnot
Declare following murder of Marat = encouraged SC to rise again in September
SC forced the jacobins to concede legislation that would radicalise the revolution + bring the terror
