Reactions To Change At Home And Abroad

Question 1

Who was Maximilian Robespierre (4+)

Answer 1

Lawyer
Elected for EG in 1789
Prominent speaker in the assembly and jacobin clubs = reputation as radical
Nickname the incorruptible = honesty and commitment to revolutionary principles

Question 2

What did political groups do (4)

Answer 2

Discussed issues
Decide on policies
Produce pamphlets and newspapers
Spread their ideas

Question 3

What was the society of eighty-nine (4)

Answer 3

Founded by Sieyes
Supporters of the constitutional monarchy
Charged a high entry fee= wealthy moderates
Bailly, Lafayette, Mirabeau

Question 4

What wing were the jacobins

Answer 4

Left

Question 5

Jacobin club facts (3+)

Answer 5

Met daily
By august 1790 = 152 affiliated jacobin clubs across France
Expanded rapidly = 1000 by end of 1790

Question 6

Membership of jacobin club (2)

Answer 6

High entry fee = bourgeoisie
October 1791 reduced fees = artisans and shopkeepers joined

Question 7

When did the jacobin club become more radical and what (2)

Answer 7

1791
Members broke away to create a more moderate feuillant club in July 1791

Question 8

What did the jacobins support

Answer 8

The constitution

Question 9

What wing were the cordeliers

Answer 9

Left

Question 10

What did the cordeliers claim (2)

Answer 10

Protect citizens rights
Keep watch in the activities of the assembly

Question 11

Members of the cordeliers (3+)

Answer 11

Entry fee was small
Membership open to all women and passive citizens
Danton and Desmoulins founders and Marat was a member

Question 12

How influential was the cordeliers (2+)

Answer 12

High influential force in Parisian politics in 1792
Became the home of ultra revolutionary factions who supported extended the terror

Question 13

Why were the political clubs influential (2+)

Answer 13

Membership of the clubs = humble Parisians and prominent members of the assembly
The ideas emerging from them

Question 14

What did establishment of the assembly do to the king (4)

Answer 14

Authority was questioned
Lost the support of his army
Divine right was challenged
Subjects showed increasing lack of respect

Question 15

Kings position in June 1791 (3+)

Answer 15

Prisoner in Tuileries
CCC challenged his deepest convictions
Political clubs were blossoming

Question 16

What did Louis and his family plan and what happened + when (3)

Answer 16

18 April 1791
Louis and family wanted to spend Easter at nearby palace saint-cloud
Prevented from leaving by a mob

Question 17

Who did the king and queen have contact with (3+)

Answer 17

Growing band of emigre nobles = wanted Louis to assert authority
Queen had assurance from younger brother Leopold that he would help
Leopold had troops along the French borders in parts of the Austrian Netherlands

Question 18

When did king Louis flight to varennes take place

Answer 18

20/21 June 1791

Question 19

How did the royal family travel (3)

Answer 19

Louis rejected advisers choice of route
Rejected suggestion the royals should travel separately
Travelled in a large six horse carriage

Question 20

What went wrong with the departure for the flight (3)

Answer 20

Departure was delayed
Weight if the coach slowed it down
Troops waiting for Louis left half an hour before the royals arrived = had no protection

Question 21

Who recognised Louis

Answer 21

Old soldier turned postmaster = jean Baptiste Drouet

Question 22

What was the response to Louis resurgence from Varenne

Answer 22

Citizens kept their hats on to show their disrespect

Question 23

What did the National Assembly decide on once the king returned + when (2+)

Answer 23

16 July 1791 = temporary suspension until the new constitution was ready and he signed it and swore to uphold it

Question 24

Impact of the flight

Answer 24

Demands for a republic spread

Question 25

What and when meeting at champ de Mars (2+)

Answer 25

17 July 1791 Cordeliers club and other extreme societies organised a meeting were people could sign a petition calling for the establishment of a republic

Question 26

Who attended the meeting - champ de Mars (2)

Answer 26

6000 people Assembly and Paris commune chose to send Lafayette and NG to ensure order

Question 27

Parisian mob in mid 1791? (2+)

Answer 27

24 June 1791 March of 30,000 on National Assembly with a petition demanding a republic

Question 28

How many died and impact - champ de Mars (2+)

Answer 28

Around 50 Result = republicans also saw this as a betrayal of the ‘people’ by the moderates = a massacre

Question 29

Why was there the declaration of Pillnitz and who (2)

Answer 29

Austrians felt they needed to support the monarch Louis Leopold of Austria and Frederick William III of Prussia

Question 30

When was the declaration of the pillnitz

Answer 30

27 august 1791

Question 31

What did the declaration of pillnitz state (3)

Answer 31

Situation of the king was of common interest to all nations Powers of the French crown should be restored Ready to use force to bring about restoration of royal power

Question 32

What did the declaration of pillnitz do

Answer 32

Added to the mistrust of those who had already lost faith in the monarchy

Question 33

When did the new legislative assembly finally meet

Answer 33

1 October 1791

Question 34

Legislative assembly first decree + when (4)

Answer 34

9 November 1791 Decree against emigres threatening perpetual banishment Seizure of their property Unless they returned to France before 1 January 1792

Question 35

Legislative assembly second decree + when (2)

Answer 35

29 November 1791 Demanded refractory priests take the oath or be treated like traitors

Question 36

Members of the legislative assembly (4)

Answer 36

264 feuillants 136 jacobins 345 (23 clergy) of no particular affiliation Overwhelming bourgeoisie

Question 37

Louis reaction to legislative assembly decrees

Answer 37

Used his suspensory veto

Question 38

Who were the Brissotins (Girondins)

Answer 38

Favoured war

Question 39

Assembly reaction to the idea of war (3)

Answer 39

Little opposition Far left failed to get seats in the election In the jaconpbin club only Robespierre opposed

Question 40

Alliance between Austria and Prussia when (2)

Answer 40

February 1792 Prussia promised 20,000 men in support of a war against France

Question 41

What led to a deceleration of war from France + when (3++)

Answer 41

1 March 1792 = Leopold died Lack of response from his successor Francis II to French demands French declared war on Austria on 20 April 1792

Question 42

What happened during may 1792 NA (2)

Answer 42

27 may = assembly voted for deportation of refractory priests 29 may = assembly ordered the disbanding of kings guard

Question 43

Why was an easy victory plan not working (3+)

Answer 43

French troops were divided The blues = volunteers from NG did not trust the whites = men from old royal army Didn’t trust their commanders = appointed by Louis

Question 44

How was France numerically superior

Answer 44

French sent 150,000 men into battle against 35,000 Austrians

Question 45

Kings reaction to the may decrees and June decree

Answer 45

Louis used his suspensory veto on all 3