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History Panagakou = French Revolution 🍎 > The Attempts To Establish A Constitutional Monarchy > Flashcards

The Attempts To Establish A Constitutional Monarchy Flashcards

1
Q

When did the NA set about constructing a new constitution

A

1789 - 1791

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2
Q

When did the NA change its name + to what + why (3)

A

9 July 1789
Constituent assembly = purpose was to draw up a new constitution

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3
Q

Why did the assembly attack the church when dividing new constitution (2)

A

Association of Catholic Church with the ancien regime
Privileges enjoyed by the first estate clergy

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4
Q

What were philosophers thoughts on the church (2)

A

Temporal powers of the church should be removed
Allowing it to focus more on its spiritual function

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5
Q

Why was the church reform attractive to revolutionaries (1)

A

The wealth of the church = prospect of financial gain

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6
Q

Religious changes from august 1789 - June 1790 (3)

A

Pluralism = abolished
Payment of Annates = abolished
Tithe and don gratuit = abolished

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7
Q

What were annates

A

Years revenue paid to the pope on the appointment of a new bishop/archbishop

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8
Q

When was all church property nationalised

A

2 November 1789

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9
Q

When did Protestant get more + what (2)

A

December 1789
Granted full citizenship

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10
Q

When was + what was sold to help keep the economy afloat (church) (2)

A

February 1790 = state sold off monastic wealth and property
June 1790 = sold off church land and possessions

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11
Q

When was the civil constitution if the clergy

A

12 July 1790

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12
Q

What did the CCC stipulate (3+)

A

Administrative structure of the church was reorganised = = boundaries of diocese were redrawn + every department was to have a bishop
Clergymen became paid state officials = a new salary structure
Bishops + priests = elected = French citizens control over their spiritual leaders

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13
Q

When was CCC accepted + how

A

King Louis was forced to accept
In December 1790

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14
Q

What doubt did the assembly have and what did they do when (3+)

A

Doubted the churches support of the CCC
Decree on 27th November 1790
All clergy were to be faithful to the nation, the law and the king + maintain the CCC

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15
Q

In a nutshell what was the CCC

A

Made the church subservient to the state

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16
Q

If clerics didn’t swear the oath to the civil constitution what

A

Deprived of their offices and salaries

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17
Q

What did the oath show (3)

A

Determined who was loyal to the revolution
Of 160 bishops only 7 were willing to swear the oath
Only 55% of parish church swore it aswell (considerable more but still..)

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18
Q

Popes response to the oath

A

He suspended those who took it

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19
Q

How did the assembly respond to the popes responded to the oath to the CCC (2)

A

Declared in December 1791
All non juring or refractory priests were counter revolutionaries

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20
Q

Who were refractory priests and what happened to them (4)

A

Priests who didn’t take the oath
Their income stopped
Forbidden from using religious buildings
May 1792 = they could be deported

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21
Q

Impact if the church reforms (2)

A

Large numbers of the clergy fled abroad
Conservatory peasantry in catholic parts of France west, north, north-east feared the assembly was trying to change their faith = revolution became negative

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22
Q

Why did peasantry in catholic parts of France except the CCC

A

Fear of eternal damnation proved greater than their commitment to the revolution

23
Q

What did the CCC help do - BAD (2)

A

Destroyed national unity
Led to counter revolution and civil war

24
Q

What form did the constitution take to ensure absolute power of the king was stopped (3+)

A

July/ august 1789 = a system of representative democracy
Elected governing body = legislative
King + royal ministers = executives

25
Did the king have a veto in the new constitution (3)
September 1789 Suspensory veto After 4 years a measure would automatically become law
26
What powers did the king have - new constitution
Could select and appoint ministers to form a cabinet
27
What was the kings title + when (2+)
October 1789 = ‘king if the French’ not ‘king if france’ Showed the kings power emanated from the people and law not divine right
28
Who had the right to vote - new constitution (3)
December 1789 Active citizens = political rights Passive citizens = only had civil rights = couldn’t vote
29
What powers did the assembly have - new constitution (3)
Make laws Collect taxes Decide on issues of war and peace
30
What was an active citizen (5)
Male Over 25 Spoke French Lived in one place for over a year Payed direct tax
31
What administrative reform took place + when (4+)
November 1789 Abolished the old provinces France would be divided into areas of roughly equal size Over 3 months this was accomplished with 83 departments each divided into districts divided into communes
32
What was significant about the administrative reforms (2+)
Uniformity of administration Councils (each department had a council of 36) had no central gov = decentralisation
33
Councils responsibilities (3)
Law and order within their localities Assessment and collection of tax Construction of roads
34
When was the old judicial system gotten rid of + what was it (2)
13 regional parlements Abolished in September 1790
35
What was the hierarchy if courts created - judicial reforms (4+)
Justice of the peace were to hear minor civil cases in each canton (group of communes) District courts dealt with more severe cases There would be a single central high court of appeal Each department = court in its capital for criminal cases
36
What were legal rights established as (4+)
Every accused to be bought Belford a judge within 24hrs of arrest Accusations, proceedings + judgements = open to public Torture, branding and hanging = abolished Sentences were to be fair and proportionate
37
New form of capital punishment
By 1792 = guillotine
38
What did the legal reforms offer overall (2)
Prospect of cheaper and more accessible justice Fairer judgements = trial by jury in criminal cases
39
What were assignats
Gov bonds used to aid the purchase of church lands
40
Why were assignats a problem (3+)
Being used like paper money for normal business transactions The assembly,y also used them to pay of debts Excessive printing = inflation = worsened the economic problem
41
What was the economic restructuring programme to do
Replace the direct taxes of the taille and vingtième and compensate for the loss of indirect tax in 1790
42
What was the economic restructuring programme based on + when (3/4)
Become operational in 1791 Based on three key principles: land tax, property tax, limited tax on commercial activity
43
Impact of the economic restructuring programme (2+)
That taxation was not less for many Overall it was a fairer system and provided a basis for further reform
44
Economic policy changes (3)
Internal tariffs disappeared All corporate bodies abolished - including city monopolies Devolution to local authorities
45
How did bourgeoisie help the economy (2+)
Emergence of new land owning bourgeoisie helped agriculture Sought ways apogee farming more profitable and exploited the resources on their estate
46
Problems with the economic policies (4)
Large producers benefited from high prices they could command - peasants didn’t Tolls at city gates disappeared - no corresponding drop in price of food in urban centres
47
Social change (5+)
Titles, venality and privileges abolished = august decrees Use of master and mistress abolished = everyone became ‘citizens’ = social equality Fairer justice = new court system Public education = opportunities for social mobility Religious toleration = reduced restrictions on individuals
48
Problems with society = inequality (4+)
Divisions of gender, wealth and office replaced those based on birth Man had more rights than women Employers had more rights than employees Active citizens had more rights than passive
49
Exmaple of inequality in France still there even after reforms (2)
Workers enjoyed greater freedom of opportunity it was decreed all must carry out a livret = record of employment (had to be signed before a worker could change job)
50
When was ale Chapelier law
June 1791
51
What was Le Chapelier law (2)
Freedom of association was limited Workers forbidden from conducting strikes or forming trade unions
52
Who were the social ‘winners’ of the revolution (2+)
Bourgeoisie They and money + education = opportunity to gain land, official positions and political influence
53
Summary (2)(5)
Between 1789-1791 the church, constitution, central + local gov structure, judiciary and state finances were all overhauled by the assembly Of all the changes the church reforms stirred up the most problems for the future

History Panagakou = French Revolution 🍎 (12 decks)

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