The Attempts To Establish A Constitutional Monarchy

Question 1

When did the NA set about constructing a new constitution

Answer 1

1789 - 1791

Question 2

When did the NA change its name + to what + why (3)

Answer 2

9 July 1789
Constituent assembly = purpose was to draw up a new constitution

Question 3

Why did the assembly attack the church when dividing new constitution (2)

Answer 3

Association of Catholic Church with the ancien regime
Privileges enjoyed by the first estate clergy

Question 4

What were philosophers thoughts on the church (2)

Answer 4

Temporal powers of the church should be removed
Allowing it to focus more on its spiritual function

Question 5

Why was the church reform attractive to revolutionaries (1)

Answer 5

The wealth of the church = prospect of financial gain

Question 6

Religious changes from august 1789 - June 1790 (3)

Answer 6

Pluralism = abolished
Payment of Annates = abolished
Tithe and don gratuit = abolished

Question 7

What were annates

Answer 7

Years revenue paid to the pope on the appointment of a new bishop/archbishop

Question 8

When was all church property nationalised

Answer 8

2 November 1789

Question 9

When did Protestant get more + what (2)

Answer 9

December 1789
Granted full citizenship

Question 10

When was + what was sold to help keep the economy afloat (church) (2)

Answer 10

February 1790 = state sold off monastic wealth and property
June 1790 = sold off church land and possessions

Question 11

When was the civil constitution if the clergy

Answer 11

12 July 1790

Question 12

What did the CCC stipulate (3+)

Answer 12

Administrative structure of the church was reorganised = = boundaries of diocese were redrawn + every department was to have a bishop
Clergymen became paid state officials = a new salary structure
Bishops + priests = elected = French citizens control over their spiritual leaders

Question 13

When was CCC accepted + how

Answer 13

King Louis was forced to accept
In December 1790

Question 14

What doubt did the assembly have and what did they do when (3+)

Answer 14

Doubted the churches support of the CCC
Decree on 27th November 1790
All clergy were to be faithful to the nation, the law and the king + maintain the CCC

Question 15

In a nutshell what was the CCC

Answer 15

Made the church subservient to the state

Question 16

If clerics didn’t swear the oath to the civil constitution what

Answer 16

Deprived of their offices and salaries

Question 17

What did the oath show (3)

Answer 17

Determined who was loyal to the revolution
Of 160 bishops only 7 were willing to swear the oath
Only 55% of parish church swore it aswell (considerable more but still..)

Question 18

Popes response to the oath

Answer 18

He suspended those who took it

Question 19

How did the assembly respond to the popes responded to the oath to the CCC (2)

Answer 19

Declared in December 1791
All non juring or refractory priests were counter revolutionaries

Question 20

Who were refractory priests and what happened to them (4)

Answer 20

Priests who didn’t take the oath
Their income stopped
Forbidden from using religious buildings
May 1792 = they could be deported

Question 21

Impact if the church reforms (2)

Answer 21

Large numbers of the clergy fled abroad
Conservatory peasantry in catholic parts of France west, north, north-east feared the assembly was trying to change their faith = revolution became negative

Question 22

Why did peasantry in catholic parts of France except the CCC

Answer 22

Fear of eternal damnation proved greater than their commitment to the revolution

Question 23

What did the CCC help do - BAD (2)

Answer 23

Destroyed national unity
Led to counter revolution and civil war

Question 24

What form did the constitution take to ensure absolute power of the king was stopped (3+)

Answer 24

July/ august 1789 = a system of representative democracy
Elected governing body = legislative
King + royal ministers = executives

Question 25

Did the king have a veto in the new constitution (3)

Answer 25

September 1789
Suspensory veto
After 4 years a measure would automatically become law

Question 26

What powers did the king have - new constitution

Answer 26

Could select and appoint ministers to form a cabinet

Question 27

What was the kings title + when (2+)

Answer 27

October 1789 = ‘king if the French’ not ‘king if france’
Showed the kings power emanated from the people and law not divine right

Question 28

Who had the right to vote - new constitution (3)

Answer 28

December 1789
Active citizens = political rights
Passive citizens = only had civil rights = couldn’t vote

Question 29

What powers did the assembly have - new constitution (3)

Answer 29

Make laws
Collect taxes
Decide on issues of war and peace

Question 30

What was an active citizen (5)

Answer 30

Male
Over 25
Spoke French
Lived in one place for over a year
Payed direct tax

Question 31

What administrative reform took place + when (4+)

Answer 31

November 1789
Abolished the old provinces
France would be divided into areas of roughly equal size
Over 3 months this was accomplished with 83 departments each divided into districts divided into communes

Question 32

What was significant about the administrative reforms (2+)

Answer 32

Uniformity of administration
Councils (each department had a council of 36) had no central gov = decentralisation

Question 33

Councils responsibilities (3)

Answer 33

Law and order within their localities
Assessment and collection of tax
Construction of roads

Question 34

When was the old judicial system gotten rid of + what was it (2)

Answer 34

13 regional parlements
Abolished in September 1790

Question 35

What was the hierarchy if courts created - judicial reforms (4+)

Answer 35

Justice of the peace were to hear minor civil cases in each canton (group of communes)
District courts dealt with more severe cases
There would be a single central high court of appeal
Each department = court in its capital for criminal cases

Question 36

What were legal rights established as (4+)

Answer 36

Every accused to be bought Belford a judge within 24hrs of arrest
Accusations, proceedings + judgements = open to public
Torture, branding and hanging = abolished
Sentences were to be fair and proportionate

Question 37

New form of capital punishment

Answer 37

By 1792 = guillotine

Question 38

What did the legal reforms offer overall (2)

Answer 38

Prospect of cheaper and more accessible justice
Fairer judgements = trial by jury in criminal cases

Question 39

What were assignats

Answer 39

Gov bonds used to aid the purchase of church lands

Question 40

Why were assignats a problem (3+)

Answer 40

Being used like paper money for normal business transactions
The assembly,y also used them to pay of debts
Excessive printing = inflation = worsened the economic problem

Question 41

What was the economic restructuring programme to do

Answer 41

Replace the direct taxes of the taille and vingtième and compensate for the loss of indirect tax in 1790

Question 42

What was the economic restructuring programme based on + when (3/4)

Answer 42

Become operational in 1791
Based on three key principles: land tax, property tax, limited tax on commercial activity

Question 43

Impact of the economic restructuring programme (2+)

Answer 43

That taxation was not less for many
Overall it was a fairer system and provided a basis for further reform

Question 44

Economic policy changes (3)

Answer 44

Internal tariffs disappeared
All corporate bodies abolished - including city monopolies
Devolution to local authorities

Question 45

How did bourgeoisie help the economy (2+)

Answer 45

Emergence of new land owning bourgeoisie helped agriculture
Sought ways apogee farming more profitable and exploited the resources on their estate

Question 46

Problems with the economic policies (4)

Answer 46

Large producers benefited from high prices they could command - peasants didn’t
Tolls at city gates disappeared - no corresponding drop in price of food in urban centres

Question 47

Social change (5+)

Answer 47

Titles, venality and privileges abolished = august decrees
Use of master and mistress abolished = everyone became ‘citizens’ = social equality
Fairer justice = new court system
Public education = opportunities for social mobility
Religious toleration = reduced restrictions on individuals

Question 48

Problems with society = inequality (4+)

Answer 48

Divisions of gender, wealth and office replaced those based on birth
Man had more rights than women
Employers had more rights than employees
Active citizens had more rights than passive

Question 49

Exmaple of inequality in France still there even after reforms (2)

Answer 49

Workers enjoyed greater freedom of opportunity it was decreed all must carry out a livret = record of employment (had to be signed before a worker could change job)

Question 50

When was ale Chapelier law

Answer 50

June 1791

Question 51

What was Le Chapelier law (2)

Answer 51

Freedom of association was limited
Workers forbidden from conducting strikes or forming trade unions

Question 52

Who were the social ‘winners’ of the revolution (2+)

Answer 52

Bourgeoisie
They and money + education = opportunity to gain land, official positions and political influence

Question 53

Summary (2)(5)

Answer 53

Between 1789-1791 the church, constitution, central + local gov structure, judiciary and state finances were all overhauled by the assembly
Of all the changes the church reforms stirred up the most problems for the future