The Specific Immune Response

Question 1

What does the immune response involve?

Answer 1

Immune response involves B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes – large nucleus and specialised receptors.

Question 2

How is immunological memory provided?

Answer 2

Immunological memory is provided through memory cells – circulate in the blood.

Question 3

Where do B and T cells originate?

Answer 3

B cells mature in bone marrow. T cells originate in the bone marrow, and mature in the thymus gland.

Question 4

What do specific B and T cells have?

Answer 4

Specific T/B cells carry the correct receptor molecules on their membranes – cell surface proteins which are complementary to antigen.

Question 5

What do cells attacked by a pathogen have?

Answer 5

Cells attacked by the pathogen display antigens on their surface – Macrophages in the lymph system can become antigen-presenting cells.

Question 6

What is Clonal Selection and Clonal Expansion?

Answer 6

Selection of correct B/T cells is clonal selection. Increase in number – clonal expansion (divide by mitosis).

Question 7

What types of cells do T lymphocytes differentiate into?

Answer 7

 T helper (Th) cells, which release cytokines which stimulates B cells for phagocytosis by phagocytes.
 T killer (Tk) cells, which attack/kill body cells
 T memory (Tm) cells.

Question 8

What types of cells do B lymphocytes differentiate into?

Answer 8

 Effector/Plasma cells, flow in blood, manufacturing and releasing antibodies.
 B memory cells remain in body for a number of years/act as immunological memory.