The Spartacist Revolt and Kapp Putsch Flashcards

1
Q

Which political party was set up in Germany in December 1918 and backed by the Soviet Union?

A

The German Communist Party (KPD)

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2
Q

How many members did the KPD have in Germany?

A

400,000

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3
Q

Who were the Spartacist League?

A

Extreme socialists from the Independent Socialist Party based in Berlin

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4
Q

Who were the Spartacist League named after?

A

Spartacus, the head of a slaves’ revolt in Ancient Rome

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5
Q

Who were the Spartacists’ two leaders?

A

Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht

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6
Q

Who was sacked on 4 January 1919, triggering a protest from thousands of workers?

A

Emil Eichhorn, the Berlin police chief

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7
Q

What did the Spartacists call for following the sacking of Emil Eichhorn?

A

An uprising and a general strike in Berlin

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8
Q

How many workers took to the streets of Berlin on 6 January?

A

Over 100,000

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9
Q

What did the workers do in Berlin when they took to the streets on 6 January to undermine the government?

A

Seized the government’s newspaper and telegraph offices

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10
Q

Why did Ebert struggle to put down the Spartacist Revolt?

A

After the First World War, the army was in no shape to put down the revolt

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11
Q

Who did Ebert turn to to put down the Spartacist Uprising?

A

The Freikorps - right-wing soldiers who strongly opposed the Communists

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12
Q

How many Freikorps were there by March 1919?

A

250,000

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13
Q

How long did it take after the general strike began for the workers to be driven off the streets?

A

One week (by 13 January)

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14
Q

When were Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht arrested and killed?

A

16 January

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15
Q

What did Freikorps units near Berlin do in March 1920 and why?

A

Started to organise against the Weimar Republic

They feared being disbanded and becoming unemployed

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16
Q

What was the head of the army’s response to Ebert’s instructions to put down the Freikorps?

A

“Reichswehr does not fire upon Reichswehr” (German soldiers do not shoot their own)

17
Q

Who did the Freikorps put down as their figurehead leader?

A

Wolfgang Kapp

18
Q

Who did the Freikorps invite to return from exile?

A

The Kaiser

19
Q

How did the Weimar government respond to the Kapp Putsch?

A

They fled to Weimar and then to Stuttgart

20
Q

How did the Weimar government try to put down the Kapp Putsch?

A

Urged people to go on strike

21
Q

What happened when workers went on strike against the Kapp Putsch?

A

Gas, electricity, water and transport stopped and Berlin ground to a halt

22
Q

How long did it take for Wolfgang Kapp to realise he could not govern?

A

Four days

23
Q

What happened to Wolfgang Kapp after the Kapp Putsch?

A

He was arrested and put in prison

24
Q

Give two examples of Weimar politicians who were assassinated between 1918 and 1923

A

Hugo Hasse, part of the Council of People’s Representatives (1919)

Matthias Erzberger, who signed the armistice (killed in August 1921)

Walter Rathenau, the popular Weimar foreign minister (June 1922)

25
Q

How many political murders were there between 1919 and 1922?

A

376

26
Q

Did Weimar judges sympathise more with right-wing extremism or left-wing extremism?

A

Right-wing

27
Q

What was the name of the private army of the KPD, set up to guard their meetings?

A

The Red Front Fighters

28
Q

What was the name of the private army of the DNVP?

A

Steel Helmets

29
Q

What was the name of the private army of the SPD?

A

The Black Red Gold Flag