Nazi persecution of Jewish people, 1933-38

Question 1

What jobs were Jewish people banned from in Germany from April 1933?

Answer 1

Government jobs (including civil servants) and teaching

Question 2

What were Jewish people banned from doing from September 1933?

Answer 2

Inheriting land

Question 3

What were Jewish people banned from doing from May 1935?

Answer 3

Serving in the army

Question 4

What did some local councils ban Jewish people from doing from 1934?

Answer 4

Going to parks and swimming pools

Question 5

What did some local councils provide from Jewish people to keep “normal” Germans “safe”?

Answer 5

Yellow park benches

Question 6

What did the Nazi Party boycott from 30 March 1933?

Answer 6

Jewish businesses, doctors and lawyers

Question 7

What did SA stormtroopers do to Jewish businesses from April 1933?

Answer 7

Paint Jewish stars or the word Jude (Jew) outside them

Question 8

What were the two laws that made up the Nuremberg Laws of 1935?

Answer 8

1) The Reich Law on Citizenship

2) The Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour

Question 9

What did the Reich Law on Citizenship (1935) state?

Answer 9

Only those of ‘German blood’ could be German citizens: Jewish people lost their German citizenship and became ‘subjects’

Question 10

What rights did Jewish people lose in the Reich Law on Citizenship?

Answer 10

The right to vote and the right to hold a German passport

Question 11

What did Jewish people have to wear from 1935 and why?

Answer 11

A yellow star-shaped patch

So German citizens could easily recognise them

Question 12

What two things were Jewish people banned from doing in the Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour?

Answer 12

1) Marrying German citizens
2) Having sexual relations with German citizens

Question 13

What did Jewish people have to do from March 1938 and why?

Answer 13

Register all of their possessions

Made it easier for the government to confiscate them

Question 14

What did Jewish people have to carry from July 1938?

Answer 14

An identity card stamped with a red letter J

Question 15

What did Jewish people have to add to their names from July 1938?

Answer 15

“Israel” or “Sarah”

Question 16

When was Kristallnacht (The Night of the Broken Glass)?

Answer 16

9 November 1938

Question 17

What did 17-year-old Herschel Grynszpan do on 7 November 1938? Why?

Answer 17

Shot a German diplomat in Paris (Ernst vom Rath)

His parents had been deported to Poland

Question 18

What did Joseph Goebbels order the local papers in Hanover to do the day after Grynszpan shot Ernst vom Rath?

Answer 18

Print articles condemning the shooting

Question 19

What did Joseph Goebbels order the Propaganda Ministry to do the day after Grynszpan shot Ernst vom Rath?

Answer 19

Describe the shooting as an attack by ‘world Jewry’ that would entail the ‘heaviest consequences’ for Jewish people in Germany

Question 20

What did Hitler and Goebbels decide to do when vom Rath died on 9 November 1938?

Answer 20

Turn the anti-Jewish violence into a nationwide pogrom (attack)

Question 21

What did Goebbels say to regional Nazi Party leaders when organising the violence against Jewish people on 9 November 1938?

Answer 21

The Nazis “should not appear publicly as the organiser of the demonstrations, but it should in reality organise them and carry them out”

Question 22

What did Heydrich tell the police and SS on 9 November 1938 in preparation for Kristallnacht?

Answer 22

They should not obstruct the destruction of Jewish property or prevent violent acts against Jewish people in Germany

Question 23

What did Heydrich say was NOT allowed on Kristallnacht? Why was this instruction not followed?

Answer 23

Looting

Party activists were drunk celebrating the anniversary of the Munich Putsch and did not take the order seriously

Question 24

Why were some SA and Hitler Youth members who took part in Kristallnacht dressed in ordinary clothes?

Answer 24

To make it look as though the violence was carried out by the public

Question 25

What did SA members do in Jewish cemeteries during Kristallnacht?

Answer 25

Dug up and smashed the gravestones

Question 26

What did SA members do in Esslingen during Kristallnacht?

Answer 26

Broke into the Jewish orphanage, threw books and religious symbols onto a bonfire, and ordered the children to leave or be thrown on the fire

Question 27

What did the fire brigade in Treuchtlingen do when the synagogue was set on fire?

Answer 27

Sprayed water onto the houses next to the synagogue

Question 28

In all, how many shops, homes and synagogues were destroyed across Germany (according to Nazi figures) in Kristallnacht?

Answer 28

814 shops
171 homes
191 synagogues

Question 29

What were Jewish people forced to do in Saarbrucken after Kristallnacht?

Answer 29

Dance and kneel outside the synagogue, before being hosed down with water until they were drenched

Question 30

What happened to Jewish people in Essen after Kristallnacht?

Answer 30

They were manhandled and the men had their beards set alight

Question 31

What happened to Jewish people in Meppen after Kristallnacht?

Answer 31

They had to kiss the ground in front of SA headquarters while they were kicked and walked over

Question 32

What happened to Jewish people in Frankfurt after Kristallnacht?

Answer 32

They were attacked with clubs and sticks