Nazi persecution of Jewish people, 1933-38 Flashcards
What jobs were Jewish people banned from in Germany from April 1933?
Government jobs (including civil servants) and teaching
What were Jewish people banned from doing from September 1933?
Inheriting land
What were Jewish people banned from doing from May 1935?
Serving in the army
What did some local councils ban Jewish people from doing from 1934?
Going to parks and swimming pools
What did some local councils provide from Jewish people to keep “normal” Germans “safe”?
Yellow park benches
What did the Nazi Party boycott from 30 March 1933?
Jewish businesses, doctors and lawyers
What did SA stormtroopers do to Jewish businesses from April 1933?
Paint Jewish stars or the word Jude (Jew) outside them
What were the two laws that made up the Nuremberg Laws of 1935?
1) The Reich Law on Citizenship
2) The Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour
What did the Reich Law on Citizenship (1935) state?
Only those of ‘German blood’ could be German citizens: Jewish people lost their German citizenship and became ‘subjects’
What rights did Jewish people lose in the Reich Law on Citizenship?
The right to vote and the right to hold a German passport
What did Jewish people have to wear from 1935 and why?
A yellow star-shaped patch
So German citizens could easily recognise them
What two things were Jewish people banned from doing in the Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour?
1) Marrying German citizens
2) Having sexual relations with German citizens
What did Jewish people have to do from March 1938 and why?
Register all of their possessions
Made it easier for the government to confiscate them
What did Jewish people have to carry from July 1938?
An identity card stamped with a red letter J
What did Jewish people have to add to their names from July 1938?
“Israel” or “Sarah”
When was Kristallnacht (The Night of the Broken Glass)?
9 November 1938
What did 17-year-old Herschel Grynszpan do on 7 November 1938? Why?
Shot a German diplomat in Paris (Ernst vom Rath)
His parents had been deported to Poland
What did Joseph Goebbels order the local papers in Hanover to do the day after Grynszpan shot Ernst vom Rath?
Print articles condemning the shooting
What did Joseph Goebbels order the Propaganda Ministry to do the day after Grynszpan shot Ernst vom Rath?
Describe the shooting as an attack by ‘world Jewry’ that would entail the ‘heaviest consequences’ for Jewish people in Germany
What did Hitler and Goebbels decide to do when vom Rath died on 9 November 1938?
Turn the anti-Jewish violence into a nationwide pogrom (attack)
What did Goebbels say to regional Nazi Party leaders when organising the violence against Jewish people on 9 November 1938?
The Nazis “should not appear publicly as the organiser of the demonstrations, but it should in reality organise them and carry them out”
What did Heydrich tell the police and SS on 9 November 1938 in preparation for Kristallnacht?
They should not obstruct the destruction of Jewish property or prevent violent acts against Jewish people in Germany
What did Heydrich say was NOT allowed on Kristallnacht? Why was this instruction not followed?
Looting
Party activists were drunk celebrating the anniversary of the Munich Putsch and did not take the order seriously
Why were some SA and Hitler Youth members who took part in Kristallnacht dressed in ordinary clothes?
To make it look as though the violence was carried out by the public
What did SA members do in Jewish cemeteries during Kristallnacht?
Dug up and smashed the gravestones
What did SA members do in Esslingen during Kristallnacht?
Broke into the Jewish orphanage, threw books and religious symbols onto a bonfire, and ordered the children to leave or be thrown on the fire
What did the fire brigade in Treuchtlingen do when the synagogue was set on fire?
Sprayed water onto the houses next to the synagogue
In all, how many shops, homes and synagogues were destroyed across Germany (according to Nazi figures) in Kristallnacht?
814 shops
171 homes
191 synagogues
What were Jewish people forced to do in Saarbrucken after Kristallnacht?
Dance and kneel outside the synagogue, before being hosed down with water until they were drenched
What happened to Jewish people in Essen after Kristallnacht?
They were manhandled and the men had their beards set alight
What happened to Jewish people in Meppen after Kristallnacht?
They had to kiss the ground in front of SA headquarters while they were kicked and walked over
What happened to Jewish people in Frankfurt after Kristallnacht?
They were attacked with clubs and sticks
