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Osteology > The Skull - Week 2 > Flashcards

The Skull - Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are meninges?

A
  • connective tissue layers that house and support the brain
  • outer layers are called dura mater
  • folds of dura put tension on bone and produce features
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2
Q

what are the outer layers of dura mater?

A
  • outer periosteal layer follows bone
  • inner meningeal layer follows major brain partitions
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3
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

formed at junction of periosteal dura mater and meningeal dural folds
- venous drainage of blood from brain

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4
Q

cranial nerves

A

peripheral nerves originating from the brain and brainstem

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5
Q

how many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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6
Q

cranial nerve I

A

olfactory nerve

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7
Q

CNI exit and function

A
  • exit: cribiform plate (ethmoid)
  • function: olfactory mucosa
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8
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

optic nerve

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9
Q

CN II exit and function

A
  • exit: optic canal (sphenoid)
  • target/function: retina - vision
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10
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

oculomotor nerve

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11
Q

CN III exit and function

A
  • exit: superior orbital fissure (sphenoid)
  • target/function: extrinsic and intrinsic eye muscles
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12
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

trochlear nerve

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13
Q

CN IV exit and function

A

exit: superior orbital fissure (sphenoid)
target/function: extrinsic eye muscle

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14
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

what are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

V1, V2, and V3

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16
Q

CN V1 exit and function

A

ophthalmic nerve
exit: superior orbital fissure
function: cutaneous innervation of upper face

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17
Q

CN V2 exit and function

A

maxillary nerve
exit: foramen rotundum (sphenoid)
function: cutaneous innervation of midface

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18
Q

CN V3 exit and function

A

mandibular nerve
exit: foramen ovale (sphenoid)
function: cutaneous innervation of lower face/jaw, muscles of mastication

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19
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

abducens nerve

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20
Q

CN VI exit and function

A

exit: superior orbital fissure (sphenoid)
target/function: extrinsic eye muscle

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21
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

facial nerve

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22
Q

CN VII exit and function

A

exit: internal auditory meatus (temporal)
target/function: glands, mm of facial expression, and taste

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23
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

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24
Q

CN VIII exit and function

A

exit: internal auditory meatus (temporal)
target/function: inner ear (balance and hearing)

25
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

26
Q

CN IX exit and function

A

exit: jugular foramen (occipital/temporal)
target/function: parotid gland, stylopharyngeus muscle, taste

27
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

vagus nerve

28
Q

CN X exit and function

A

exit: jugular foramen (occipital/temporal)
target/function: gut, pharyngeal, and laryngeal mm, and taste

29
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

accessory nerve

30
Q

CN XI exit and function

A

exit: jugular foramen (occipital/temporal)
target/function: trapezius and sternocleidomastoid mm

31
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

hypoglossal nerve

32
Q

CN XII exit and function

A

exit: hypoglossal canal (occipital)
target/function: all intrinsic (most extrinsic) tongue mm

33
Q

cartoid canal

A

internal cartoid artery
goes through the auditory canal in the petrous portion

34
Q

foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery

35
Q

foramen lacerum

A

few vessels

36
Q

craniometrics

A
  • quantitative description of skull size and shape
  • provides standardized protocol, comparable data
  • statistical evaluation of populations
37
Q

frankfort horizontal position

A
  • plane is defined by three points with the skull facing to the left
  • right porion
  • left porion
  • left orbitale
38
Q

maximum cranial height

A

ba - b

39
Q

maximum cranial length

A

g - op

40
Q

cranial base length

A

ba - n

41
Q

basion - prosthion length

A

ba - pr

42
Q

maximum cranial breadth

A

eu - eu

43
Q

maximum frontal breadth

A

ft - ft

44
Q

bizygomatic diameter

A

zy - zy

45
Q

nasal breadth and height

A

breadth: al - al
height: n - ns

46
Q

upper facial height

A

n - pr

47
Q

arachnoid mater

A
  • the middle layer of your meninges that lies directly below the dura mater
  • thin layer that lies between dura and pia mater
  • no blood vessels or nerves
48
Q

pia mater

A
  • the delicate, innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord
  • made of connective tissue and tiny blood vessels
49
Q

arachnoid granulations

A

tufts of arachnoid membrane invaginated into the dural sinuses through which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the venous system. The lesions are primarily located in the parasagittal region along the superior sagittal sinus[1], which is occasionally seen at the transverse sinus.

50
Q

arachnoid fovea

A

pits or depressions found on the endocranial surface

51
Q

pituitary gland

A
  • It sits in an indent in the sphenoid bone called the sella turcica.
  • functions in making several horomones and is apart of the endocrine system
52
Q

sella turcica

A

depression in the sphenoid that contains the pituitary gland

53
Q

falx cerebri

A

the largest of the four partitions of the dura mater, and represents an invagination of the meningeal layer of dura into the longitudinal fissure of the brain

54
Q

crista galli

A
  • a thick, midline, smooth triangular process arising from the superior surface of the ethmoid bone, projecting into the anterior cranial fossa.
  • It separates the olfactory bulbs, which lie on either side of it in the olfactory fossae of the cribriform plate
55
Q

dural venous sinuses

A
  • a group of sinuses or blood channels that drains venous blood circulating from the cranial cavity.
  • sagittal sulcus
56
Q

sigmoid sulcus

A

The inner surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone presents a deep, curved groove, the sigmoid sulcus, which lodges part of the transverse sinus

57
Q

jugular foramen

A
  • soft tissue structures: CN IX, X, and IX
  • located inferior to the foramen ovale
58
Q

internal jugular vein

A

x

Osteology (11 decks)

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