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anth336 > the skull - occipital and temporal > Flashcards

the skull - occipital and temporal Flashcards

1
Q

occipital bone

A

unpaired bone at rear of skull

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2
Q

what kind of ossification does the occipital bone undergo

A

intramembranous (squamosal portion) and endochondral (basilar and condylar portion)

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3
Q

three main divisions of occipital bone

A

squamosal, basilar, condylar

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4
Q

basioccipital/basilar portion

A

anterior to formen magnum

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5
Q

occipital condyles/condylar portion

A

lateral to foramen magnum (on either side)
articulate with vertebra

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6
Q

foramen magnum

A

separates basilar and condylar portions from squamous portion
where spinal cord leaves the skull

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7
Q

occipital plane

A

occipital squama located above superior nuchal lines

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8
Q

nuchal plane

A

neck plane located below nuchal lines

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9
Q

superior nuchal line

A

separates occipital and nuchal planes
located on either side of midline
attachment site for several nuchal (neck) muscles (e.g. trapezius)

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10
Q

inferior nuchal line

A

parallel superior nuchal line
site of attachment of fascia separating nuchal muscles
below inferior nuchal line, additional nuchal muscles attach here

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11
Q

external occipital protuberance

A

located along midline where occipital and nuchal planes intersect
very variable – more prominent in males than females

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12
Q

inion cranial landmark

A

intersection of superior nuchal lines on the external occipital protuberance
like a little hook

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13
Q

external occipital crest

A

attachment site of nuchal ligament
on sagittal plane from superior nuchal line to foramen magnum

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14
Q

condylar fossae

A

small depressions posterior to condyles
recieve posterior margin of superior articular facet of atlas during head extension (C1 vertebra = atlas)

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15
Q

condylar foramen

A

small foramen located in basin of condylar fossa
transmit emissary vein

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16
Q

jugular process

A

located lateral to the condyles
sticking out right next to the jugular foramen
articulates with temporal bone at occipitomastoid suture

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17
Q

jugular foramen

A

second largest foramen located in the condyles right next to the jugular process

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18
Q

jugular notch

A

where jugular foramen forms with the other bone
medial margin of jugular process

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19
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

anterior to condyles
transmits hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and arteries

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20
Q

basioccipital

A

thick, square projection anterior to foramen magnum

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21
Q

basilar (sphenoccipital) synchondrosis (suture)

A

joint between basioccipital and sphenoid (fuses 18-25 years of age)

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22
Q

cruciform eminence

A

cross on the middle inside of occipital
divides endocranial surface of occipital squama into four parts

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23
Q

internal occipital protuberance

A

centerpoint of the cruciform eminence

24
Q

internal occipital crest

A

inferior arm of the cruciform eminence (closer to foramen magnum)

25
Q

transverse sulcus

A

right and left horizontal arms of cruciform eminence
houses transverse sinuses

26
Q

sagittal sulcus

A

located on midline
on cruciform eminence/runs superiorly from internal occipital protuberance
houses sagittal sinus

27
Q

cerebral fossae

A

right and left depressions above transverse sulci and next to sagittal sulcus
houses occipital lobes, visual processing center

28
Q

cerebellar fossae

A

right and left depressions below transverse sulci and next to internal occipital crest
houses cerebellar lobe, fine motor activity and sensory input

29
Q

3 parts of temporal bone at birth

A

squama, petromastoid, and tympanic

30
Q

temporal bone ossification

A

intramembranous (squamosal and tympanic) and encochondral (petromastoid)

31
Q

squama of temporal bone

A

flat vertical portion, forms part of neurocranial walls

32
Q

squamosal suture

A

temporal + parietal

33
Q

process

A

something that sticks out

34
Q

zygomatic process

A

thin anterior bony projection that forms the posterior half of the zygomatic arch
articulates with zygomatic bone at anterior end
masseter muscle inserts along inferior margin of zygomatic arch
major elevator of the mandible (closes jaw)

35
Q

mandibular fossa

A

located inferior to the root of the zygomatic process
site of articulation with condylar process of mandible
bounded posteriorly by postglenoid process

36
Q

cerebral meninges

A

meninges surrounding brain

37
Q

spinal meninges

A

membranous sheath surrounding spinal cord

38
Q

articular eminence

A

inferior projection of bone at the posterior edge of the zygomatic process

39
Q

what happens to mandibular condyle during mastication

A

at rest, mandibular condyle lies in mandibular fossa
during mastication, mandibular condyle slides anteriorly onto articular eminence

40
Q

parietal notch

A

junction of squamous and parietomastoid sutures

41
Q

external acoustic/auditory meatus

A

external opening of the ear canal
responds to typanic portion of temporal bone
tympanuc ring extends laterally to form a bony tube = external auditory canal

42
Q

mastoid process

A

inferior projection of bone posterior to EAM
inside = honeycomb like appearance, mucus lined air filled mastoid air cells = no marrow
larger in males

43
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

roughened surface of mastoid process

44
Q

mastoid notch

A

narrow furrow posterior and medial to mastoid process
site of attachment of digastic muscle

45
Q

petrous pyramid

A

petrous part of petromastoid portion of temporal bone
triangle shaped medial projection
dense cortical bone
for hearing and balance

46
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A

posterior surface of petrous pyramid

47
Q

sigmoid sulcus

A

posterior base of petrous pyramid
carries sigmoid sinus, continues transverse sinus and drains into jugular vein

48
Q

styloid process

A

thin bony rod that projects anteroinferiorly from base of temporal bone
anchors stylohyoid ligament to the hyoid

49
Q

stylomastoid forman

A

posterior and slightly lateral to styloid process
facial nerve exits from skull

50
Q

jugular process

A

medial to. styloid process
bulb of internal jugular vein
helps form jugular foramen

51
Q

carotid canal

A

large foramen located medial to styloid process and anterior to the jugular fossa
blood supply to brain

52
Q

tympanic plate

A

forms external acoustic canal
ends in EAM laterally and tympanic membrane medially

53
Q

ear ossicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes

54
Q

malleus

A

hammer
most lateral
handle inserts into ear drum

55
Q

incus

A

anvil
middle ossicle

56
Q

stapes

A

stirrup
most medial

anth336 (7 decks)

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