the skull - occipital and temporal

Question 1

occipital bone

Answer 1

unpaired bone at rear of skull

Question 2

what kind of ossification does the occipital bone undergo

Answer 2

intramembranous (squamosal portion) and endochondral (basilar and condylar portion)

Question 3

three main divisions of occipital bone

Answer 3

squamosal, basilar, condylar

Question 4

basioccipital/basilar portion

Answer 4

anterior to formen magnum

Question 5

occipital condyles/condylar portion

Answer 5

lateral to foramen magnum (on either side)
articulate with vertebra

Question 6

foramen magnum

Answer 6

separates basilar and condylar portions from squamous portion
where spinal cord leaves the skull

Question 7

occipital plane

Answer 7

occipital squama located above superior nuchal lines

Question 8

nuchal plane

Answer 8

neck plane located below nuchal lines

Question 9

superior nuchal line

Answer 9

separates occipital and nuchal planes
located on either side of midline
attachment site for several nuchal (neck) muscles (e.g. trapezius)

Question 10

inferior nuchal line

Answer 10

parallel superior nuchal line
site of attachment of fascia separating nuchal muscles
below inferior nuchal line, additional nuchal muscles attach here

Question 11

external occipital protuberance

Answer 11

located along midline where occipital and nuchal planes intersect
very variable – more prominent in males than females

Question 12

inion cranial landmark

Answer 12

intersection of superior nuchal lines on the external occipital protuberance
like a little hook

Question 13

external occipital crest

Answer 13

attachment site of nuchal ligament
on sagittal plane from superior nuchal line to foramen magnum

Question 14

condylar fossae

Answer 14

small depressions posterior to condyles
recieve posterior margin of superior articular facet of atlas during head extension (C1 vertebra = atlas)

Question 15

condylar foramen

Answer 15

small foramen located in basin of condylar fossa
transmit emissary vein

Question 16

jugular process

Answer 16

located lateral to the condyles
sticking out right next to the jugular foramen
articulates with temporal bone at occipitomastoid suture

Question 17

jugular foramen

Answer 17

second largest foramen located in the condyles right next to the jugular process

Question 18

jugular notch

Answer 18

where jugular foramen forms with the other bone
medial margin of jugular process

Question 19

hypoglossal canal

Answer 19

anterior to condyles
transmits hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and arteries

Question 20

basioccipital

Answer 20

thick, square projection anterior to foramen magnum

Question 21

basilar (sphenoccipital) synchondrosis (suture)

Answer 21

joint between basioccipital and sphenoid (fuses 18-25 years of age)

Question 22

cruciform eminence

Answer 22

cross on the middle inside of occipital
divides endocranial surface of occipital squama into four parts

Question 23

internal occipital protuberance

Answer 23

centerpoint of the cruciform eminence

Question 24

internal occipital crest

Answer 24

inferior arm of the cruciform eminence (closer to foramen magnum)

Question 25

transverse sulcus

Answer 25

right and left horizontal arms of cruciform eminence houses transverse sinuses

Question 26

sagittal sulcus

Answer 26

located on midline on cruciform eminence/runs superiorly from internal occipital protuberance houses sagittal sinus

Question 27

cerebral fossae

Answer 27

right and left depressions above transverse sulci and next to sagittal sulcus houses occipital lobes, visual processing center

Question 28

cerebellar fossae

Answer 28

right and left depressions below transverse sulci and next to internal occipital crest houses cerebellar lobe, fine motor activity and sensory input

Question 29

3 parts of temporal bone at birth

Answer 29

squama, petromastoid, and tympanic

Question 30

temporal bone ossification

Answer 30

intramembranous (squamosal and tympanic) and encochondral (petromastoid)

Question 31

squama of temporal bone

Answer 31

flat vertical portion, forms part of neurocranial walls

Question 32

squamosal suture

Answer 32

temporal + parietal

Question 33

process

Answer 33

something that sticks out

Question 34

zygomatic process

Answer 34

thin anterior bony projection that forms the posterior half of the zygomatic arch articulates with zygomatic bone at anterior end masseter muscle inserts along inferior margin of zygomatic arch major elevator of the mandible (closes jaw)

Question 35

mandibular fossa

Answer 35

located inferior to the root of the zygomatic process site of articulation with condylar process of mandible bounded posteriorly by postglenoid process

Question 36

cerebral meninges

Answer 36

meninges surrounding brain

Question 37

spinal meninges

Answer 37

membranous sheath surrounding spinal cord

Question 38

articular eminence

Answer 38

inferior projection of bone at the posterior edge of the zygomatic process

Question 39

what happens to mandibular condyle during mastication

Answer 39

at rest, mandibular condyle lies in mandibular fossa during mastication, mandibular condyle slides anteriorly onto articular eminence

Question 40

parietal notch

Answer 40

junction of squamous and parietomastoid sutures

Question 41

external acoustic/auditory meatus

Answer 41

external opening of the ear canal responds to typanic portion of temporal bone tympanuc ring extends laterally to form a bony tube = external auditory canal

Question 42

mastoid process

Answer 42

inferior projection of bone posterior to EAM inside = honeycomb like appearance, mucus lined air filled mastoid air cells = no marrow larger in males

Question 43

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 43

roughened surface of mastoid process

Question 44

mastoid notch

Answer 44

narrow furrow posterior and medial to mastoid process site of attachment of digastic muscle

Question 45

petrous pyramid

Answer 45

petrous part of petromastoid portion of temporal bone triangle shaped medial projection dense cortical bone for hearing and balance

Question 46

internal acoustic meatus

Answer 46

posterior surface of petrous pyramid

Question 47

sigmoid sulcus

Answer 47

posterior base of petrous pyramid carries sigmoid sinus, continues transverse sinus and drains into jugular vein

Question 48

styloid process

Answer 48

thin bony rod that projects anteroinferiorly from base of temporal bone anchors stylohyoid ligament to the hyoid

Question 49

stylomastoid forman

Answer 49

posterior and slightly lateral to styloid process facial nerve exits from skull

Question 50

jugular process

Answer 50

medial to. styloid process bulb of internal jugular vein helps form jugular foramen

Question 51

carotid canal

Answer 51

large foramen located medial to styloid process and anterior to the jugular fossa blood supply to brain

Question 52

tympanic plate

Answer 52

forms external acoustic canal ends in EAM laterally and tympanic membrane medially

Question 53

ear ossicles

Answer 53

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 54

malleus

Answer 54

hammer most lateral handle inserts into ear drum

Question 55

incus

Answer 55

anvil middle ossicle

Question 56

stapes

Answer 56

stirrup most medial