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the skull - frontal and parietal Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones in the adult skeleton

A

206

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2
Q

how many bones in the skull

A

29

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3
Q

basic bone divisions of the skull

A

bones of head (21)
ear ossicles (6 total, 3 on each side)
mandible
hyoid

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4
Q

skull**

A

entire structure, including the mandible

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5
Q

cranium (plural = crania)**

A

skull excluding the mandible

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6
Q

calvarium

A

cranium without the face

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7
Q

calotte**

A

calvarium without the base (top part of the skull literally just the scalp)

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8
Q

neurocranium**

A

bones that protect the brain, brain case

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9
Q

splanchnocranium/viscerocranium**

A

bones of the face (including the mandible)

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10
Q

accessory bones

A

ear ossicles & hyoid

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11
Q

extrasutural (wormian) bones**

A

irregular bones that occur along some sutures
prevalent along lambdoid suture (back base of skull)

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12
Q

paired bone

A

one on each side of the midsagittal plane

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13
Q

unpaired

A

cross the midsagittal
some unpaired bones fused from paired bones in childhood

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14
Q

cranial sutures

A

joints of interlocking, sawtooth-like articulations
don’t fuse, but obliterate together
no movement

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15
Q

frontonasal suture**

A

between frontal and nasal bones

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16
Q

zygomaticomaxillary sutures**

A

between the zygomatic and maxillary bones

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17
Q

sagittal suture**

A

passes along sagittal plane, joins left and right parietal bones

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18
Q

coronal suture**

A

passes along coronal plane
posterior suture of frontal bone
joins frontal and parietal bones

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19
Q

metopic (frontal) suture**

A

passes along midline of front bone between unfused frontal halves
not present in adults

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20
Q

lambdoid suture**

A

joins parietal and occipital bones
looks like a lambda

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21
Q

squamous suture**

A

joins temporal and parietal bone
different from other cranial sutures
bones overlap rather than interdigitate

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22
Q

basilar suture**

A

joins sphenoid and occipital bones on cranial base
good aging criteria bc it fuses between 18-25 years

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23
Q

types of sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary, sphenoidal (top to bottom)

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24
Q

endocranium

A

what houses the brain

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25
3 cranial fossae
anterior, middle, posterior
26
anterior cranial fossa
frontal lobes and cerebral cortex
27
middle cranial fossa
temporal lobes and cerebral cortex
28
posterior cranial fossa
cerebellum
29
frontal bone**
unpaired formed in embryo from two ossification centers fuses by age 2 at metopic suture
30
superciliary arch**
brow ridge houses frontal sinuses more prominent in males
31
glabella**
midline point of the superciliary arch
32
supraorbital margin**
superior border of the eye orbit kind of outer corner
33
supraorbital foramen/notch**
hole = foramen, notch = incomplete top of eye socket
34
zygomatic process**
lateral and anterior corners of frontal bone lateral extent of brow ridge site of suture with zygomatic bone sticks out bc its a process
35
how many bones in ear ossicles
6 (3 on each side)
36
layers of neurocranial bones
3 layers = trilaminar outer layer = tabula externa middle layer = diploë inner layer = tabula interna
36
middle layer of neurocranium
diploë (cancellous/trabecular bone w/ red bone marrow)
36
outer layer of neurocranium
tabula externa (cortical/compact bone)
37
inner layer of neurocranium
tabula interna (cortical/compact bone)
38
sinuses
air-filled, mucous-lined chambers between internal and external bone tables
39
all sinuses are linked to...?
the nasal cavity (paranasal)
40
frontal sinuses
inside superciliary arch (above eyes)
41
maxillary sinuses
inside cheekbones (body of maxilla)
42
sphenoidal sinuses
inside body of sphenoid bone
43
ethmoidal sinuses
inside ethmoid bone
44
what bones surround the brain
neurocranial
45
neurocranial bones show...
impressions for veins and arteries that supply blood to the brain
46
venous sinuses
act to drain blood from the brain
47
what are the two arteries blood is supplied in the brain by
internal carotid artery (anterior) vertebral arteries (posterior)
48
blood exits the brain through...
the internal jugular vein via the jugular forman
49
superior sagittal sinus vein
frontal, parietal, occipital
50
transverse sinus vein
occipital, parietal
51
sigmoid sinus vein
parietal, temporal
52
internal carotid artery is in which half of the brain
anterior
53
vertebral arteries are in which half of the brain
posterior
54
by which two processes do bones ossify in the skull
intramembranous and endochondral ossification
55
intramembranous ossification
in membranes sides and roof of skull, facial skeleton
56
endochondral ossification
in cartilage cranial base
57
what bones combine intramembranous and endochondral ossification
occipital, sphenoid, temporal
58
chondrocranium
brain sits on it, brain stem and cranial nerves penetrate it
59
frontal bone ossification + fusion
formed in embryo from two ossification centers, fuses by age 2 at metopic suture
60
frontal squama
forehead (squamous portion)
61
frontal eminence
2 rounded bumps on forehead
62
temporal line
extends superiorly and posteriorly from zygomatic process temporalis muscles, makes it possible to close jaw
63
orbital plates
roofs of eye orbits
63
ethmoidal notch
located along midline between orbital plates, site of ethmoid bone
63
lacrimal fossa
tear duct
64
frontal sinus
air-filled space in front bone, communicates with nasal cavity
65
sagittal sulcus
on midline of endocranial surface of squama houses superior sagittal sinus
66
superior sagittal sinus
drains blood from brain
67
meningeal grooves
on endocranial surface of squama on either side of the midline, houses the middle meningeal arteries
68
middle meningeal arteries
supply blood to the dura mater
69
dura mater
tough outer membrane surrounding the brain
70
meningitis
meninges become inflamed through infection
71
skull layers from outside to inside
skin, periosteum, bone, dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
72
meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater system of membranes that envelop the central nervous system and spinal cord
73
frontal crest
located at termination of sagittal sulcus, along midline of endocranial squama strong membrane separating right and left brain hemispheres
74
formen cecum
at base of frontal crest transmits small vein between frontal sinus and superior sagittal sinus
75
parietal bone
paired bone on back side of skull single (intramembranous) ossification center largest cranial vault bones, forming sides and roof of cranial vault roughly square shaped with four borders and angles (corners) at birth, corners not ossified to form fontanelles/soft spots
76
coronal suture
parietal + frontal
77
sagittal suture
parietal + parietal
78
lambdoid suture
parietal + occipital
79
squamosal suture
parietal + temporal
80
bregma
intersection of coronal and sagittal sutures
81
lambda
intersection of sagittal and lambdoid sutures
82
asterion
intersection of lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures
83
frontal angle
corner of coronal and sagittal
84
occipital angle
corner of sagittal and lambdoid
85
mastoid angle
corner of lambdoid and squamosal
86
sphenoidal angle
corner of coronal and squamosal
87
parietal forman
located on sagittal suture near lambdoid transmits small vein through parietal to superior sagittal sinus
88
parietal tuber/boss/eminende
bulge on side, original site of ossification
89
temporal line(s)
continue posteriorly from frontal bone mark extent of insertion of temporalis muscle, may bifurcate posteriorly
90
parietal straie
vertical striations along inferior border (squamosal suture side) mark overlap with temporal bone at squamosal suture
91
meningeal grooves
cover the endocranial squama marks the course of middle meningeal arteries and supplies the dura mater emanate from the sphenoidal angle
92
sagittal sulcus
continuation of sagittal sulcus from frontal bone formed by union of parietal bones along sagittal suture superior sagittal sinus courses here
93
sigmoid/transverse sulcus
located near mastoid angle sigmoid sinus courses through here and drains blood from brain kind of like a dip

anth336 (10 decks)

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