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anth336 > the skull - frontal and parietal > Flashcards

the skull - frontal and parietal Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones in the adult skeleton

A

206

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2
Q

how many bones in the skull

A

29

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3
Q

basic bone divisions of the skull

A

bones of head (21)
ear ossicles (6 total, 3 on each side)
mandible
hyoid

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4
Q

skull**

A

entire structure, including the mandible

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5
Q

cranium (plural = crania)**

A

skull excluding the mandible

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6
Q

calvarium

A

cranium without the face

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7
Q

calotte**

A

calvarium without the base (top part of the skull literally just the scalp)

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8
Q

neurocranium**

A

bones that protect the brain, brain case

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9
Q

splanchnocranium/viscerocranium**

A

bones of the face (including the mandible)

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10
Q

accessory bones

A

ear ossicles & hyoid

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11
Q

extrasutural (wormian) bones**

A

irregular bones that occur along some sutures
prevalent along lambdoid suture (back base of skull)

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12
Q

paired bone

A

one on each side of the midsagittal plane

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13
Q

unpaired

A

cross the midsagittal
some unpaired bones fused from paired bones in childhood

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14
Q

cranial sutures

A

joints of interlocking, sawtooth-like articulations
don’t fuse, but obliterate together
no movement

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15
Q

frontonasal suture**

A

between frontal and nasal bones

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16
Q

zygomaticomaxillary sutures**

A

between the zygomatic and maxillary bones

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17
Q

sagittal suture**

A

passes along sagittal plane, joins left and right parietal bones

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18
Q

coronal suture**

A

passes along coronal plane
posterior suture of frontal bone
joins frontal and parietal bones

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19
Q

metopic (frontal) suture**

A

passes along midline of front bone between unfused frontal halves
not present in adults

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20
Q

lambdoid suture**

A

joins parietal and occipital bones
looks like a lambda

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21
Q

squamous suture**

A

joins temporal and parietal bone
different from other cranial sutures
bones overlap rather than interdigitate

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22
Q

basilar suture**

A

joins sphenoid and occipital bones on cranial base
good aging criteria bc it fuses between 18-25 years

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23
Q

types of sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary, sphenoidal (top to bottom)

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24
Q

endocranium

A

what houses the brain

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25
Q

3 cranial fossae

A

anterior, middle, posterior

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26
Q

anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal lobes and cerebral cortex

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27
Q

middle cranial fossa

A

temporal lobes and cerebral cortex

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28
Q

posterior cranial fossa

A

cerebellum

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29
Q

frontal bone**

A

unpaired
formed in embryo from two ossification centers
fuses by age 2 at metopic suture

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30
Q

superciliary arch**

A

brow ridge
houses frontal sinuses
more prominent in males

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31
Q

glabella**

A

midline point of the superciliary arch

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32
Q

supraorbital margin**

A

superior border of the eye orbit
kind of outer corner

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33
Q

supraorbital foramen/notch**

A

hole = foramen, notch = incomplete
top of eye socket

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34
Q

zygomatic process**

A

lateral and anterior corners of frontal bone
lateral extent of brow ridge
site of suture with zygomatic bone
sticks out bc its a process

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35
Q

how many bones in ear ossicles

A

6 (3 on each side)

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36
Q

layers of neurocranial bones

A

3 layers = trilaminar
outer layer = tabula externa
middle layer = diploë
inner layer = tabula interna

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36
Q

middle layer of neurocranium

A

diploë (cancellous/trabecular bone w/ red bone marrow)

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36
Q

outer layer of neurocranium

A

tabula externa (cortical/compact bone)

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37
Q

inner layer of neurocranium

A

tabula interna (cortical/compact bone)

38
Q

sinuses

A

air-filled, mucous-lined chambers between internal and external bone tables

39
Q

all sinuses are linked to…?

A

the nasal cavity (paranasal)

40
Q

frontal sinuses

A

inside superciliary arch (above eyes)

41
Q

maxillary sinuses

A

inside cheekbones (body of maxilla)

42
Q

sphenoidal sinuses

A

inside body of sphenoid bone

43
Q

ethmoidal sinuses

A

inside ethmoid bone

44
Q

what bones surround the brain

A

neurocranial

45
Q

neurocranial bones show…

A

impressions for veins and arteries that supply blood to the brain

46
Q

venous sinuses

A

act to drain blood from the brain

47
Q

what are the two arteries blood is supplied in the brain by

A

internal carotid artery (anterior)
vertebral arteries (posterior)

48
Q

blood exits the brain through…

A

the internal jugular vein via the jugular forman

49
Q

superior sagittal sinus vein

A

frontal, parietal, occipital

50
Q

transverse sinus vein

A

occipital, parietal

51
Q

sigmoid sinus vein

A

parietal, temporal

52
Q

internal carotid artery is in which half of the brain

A

anterior

53
Q

vertebral arteries are in which half of the brain

A

posterior

54
Q

by which two processes do bones ossify in the skull

A

intramembranous and endochondral ossification

55
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

in membranes
sides and roof of skull, facial skeleton

56
Q

endochondral ossification

A

in cartilage
cranial base

57
Q

what bones combine intramembranous and endochondral ossification

A

occipital, sphenoid, temporal

58
Q

chondrocranium

A

brain sits on it, brain stem and cranial nerves penetrate it

59
Q

frontal bone ossification + fusion

A

formed in embryo from two ossification centers, fuses by age 2 at metopic suture

60
Q

frontal squama

A

forehead (squamous portion)

61
Q

frontal eminence

A

2 rounded bumps on forehead

62
Q

temporal line

A

extends superiorly and posteriorly from zygomatic process
temporalis muscles, makes it possible to close jaw

63
Q

orbital plates

A

roofs of eye orbits

63
Q

ethmoidal notch

A

located along midline between orbital plates, site of ethmoid bone

63
Q

lacrimal fossa

A

tear duct

64
Q

frontal sinus

A

air-filled space in front bone, communicates with nasal cavity

65
Q

sagittal sulcus

A

on midline of endocranial surface of squama
houses superior sagittal sinus

66
Q

superior sagittal sinus

A

drains blood from brain

67
Q

meningeal grooves

A

on endocranial surface of squama on either side of the midline, houses the middle meningeal arteries

68
Q

middle meningeal arteries

A

supply blood to the dura mater

69
Q

dura mater

A

tough outer membrane surrounding the brain

70
Q

meningitis

A

meninges become inflamed through infection

71
Q

skull layers from outside to inside

A

skin, periosteum, bone, dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

72
Q

meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
system of membranes that envelop the central nervous system and spinal cord

73
Q

frontal crest

A

located at termination of sagittal sulcus, along midline of endocranial squama
strong membrane separating right and left brain hemispheres

74
Q

formen cecum

A

at base of frontal crest
transmits small vein between frontal sinus and superior sagittal sinus

75
Q

parietal bone

A

paired bone on back side of skull
single (intramembranous) ossification center
largest cranial vault bones, forming sides and roof of cranial vault
roughly square shaped with four borders and angles (corners)
at birth, corners not ossified to form fontanelles/soft spots

76
Q

coronal suture

A

parietal + frontal

77
Q

sagittal suture

A

parietal + parietal

78
Q

lambdoid suture

A

parietal + occipital

79
Q

squamosal suture

A

parietal + temporal

80
Q

bregma

A

intersection of coronal and sagittal sutures

81
Q

lambda

A

intersection of sagittal and lambdoid sutures

82
Q

asterion

A

intersection of lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures

83
Q

frontal angle

A

corner of coronal and sagittal

84
Q

occipital angle

A

corner of sagittal and lambdoid

85
Q

mastoid angle

A

corner of lambdoid and squamosal

86
Q

sphenoidal angle

A

corner of coronal and squamosal

87
Q

parietal forman

A

located on sagittal suture near lambdoid
transmits small vein through parietal to superior sagittal sinus

88
Q

parietal tuber/boss/eminende

A

bulge on side, original site of ossification

89
Q

temporal line(s)

A

continue posteriorly from frontal bone
mark extent of insertion of temporalis muscle, may bifurcate posteriorly

90
Q

parietal straie

A

vertical striations along inferior border (squamosal suture side)
mark overlap with temporal bone at squamosal suture

91
Q

meningeal grooves

A

cover the endocranial squama
marks the course of middle meningeal arteries and supplies the dura mater
emanate from the sphenoidal angle

92
Q

sagittal sulcus

A

continuation of sagittal sulcus from frontal bone
formed by union of parietal bones along sagittal suture
superior sagittal sinus courses here

93
Q

sigmoid/transverse sulcus

A

located near mastoid angle
sigmoid sinus courses through here and drains blood from brain
kind of like a dip

anth336 (7 decks)

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