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Personal training level 1 > The skeleton & joints > Flashcards

The skeleton & joints Flashcards

1
Q

What minerals are stored in bones

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

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2
Q

What is produced in red bone marrow

A

Blood cells

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3
Q

What is the name of the main bone shaft

A

Diaphysis

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4
Q

What soft Tissue attaches to bone

A

Ligaments (bone to bone)

Tendon (muscle to bone)

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5
Q

What vital organs are protected by the Sternum and ribs

A

Heart, lungs

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6
Q

What ranges of motion are possible for the cervical spine

A

rotation

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7
Q

What forms the axial skeleton

A

Spine, ribs, skull

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8
Q

Which bones are more distal (distance) carpals or phalanges

A

phalanges

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9
Q

Which bone is more proximal (close) ischium or tibia

A

ischium

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10
Q

Name the bones that form the Pelvis

A

llium, ischium, pubis

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11
Q

Name the bones that form the leg or lower limb

A

Femur, tibia, fibula, patella (knee cap)

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12
Q

What is hyaline cartilage

A

The cartilage that forms the temporary skeleton of the foetus

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13
Q

What is ossification

A

The process by which bone is formed in the body

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14
Q

How can diet and exercise affect the health of bones

A

Caffeine, alcohol and carbonated drinks reduce the absorption of calcium
A healthy diet helps provide calcium e.g oily fish, dairy, vegetables

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15
Q

How many natural curves are there in the developed spine

A

4

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16
Q

What is natural spine alignment

A

S-shape

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17
Q

What ranges of motion are possible for the thoracic spine

A

Flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation

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18
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

Brittle bones

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19
Q

How can diet and exercise affect the health of bones

A

Caffeine, alcohol and carbonated drinks reduce the absorption of calcium
A healthy diet helps provide calcium e.g oily fish, dairy, vegetables
Exercise helps to keep bone strong

20
Q

What is the name of an excess curvature of the lumbar sign

A

Lordosis

21
Q

What is the name of an excess curvature of the thoracic spine

A

Hypokyphosis

22
Q

What ranges of motion are possible for the cervical spine

A

Rotation

23
Q

What ranges of motion are possible for lumbar spine

A

some flexion, extension (possible but limited; rotation and lateral flexion)

24
Q

What is a joint

A

junction where 2 or more bones meet

25
Q

Name 3 classifications of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

26
Q

What are fibrous joints

A

Immovable and interlocking joints, eg plates in the skull

27
Q

What are cartilaginous joints

A

Slightly movable joints joined by cartilage eh vertebrae

28
Q

What are synovial joints

A

freely movable, most common joint eg hip, knee, shoulder, wrist elbow

29
Q

Give an example of a ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder

30
Q

Give an example of a hinge joint

A

Knee or elbow

31
Q

Give an example of a pivot joint

A

In forearm, ulua and radius

32
Q

Give an example of a saddle joint

A

Thumb joint

33
Q

What is the function of tendons

A

Connect Muscle to bone

34
Q

What are the functions of ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone
enhancing joint stability
Guiding joint motion
prevent unwanted motion

35
Q

What id the function of cartilage

A

To withstand compressive forces

36
Q

What are characteristics of ligaments

A

tough white, non elastic, fibrous hung strung in cord formation

37
Q

What are characteristics of tendons

A

formed from muscle fibres

38
Q

What are characteristics of cartilage

A

dense, tough, fibrous, no blood supply

39
Q

What is synovial fluid

A

Gives lubrication to the joint

40
Q

What types of movements can the shoulder joint perform

A

flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, adduction, abduction, horizontal flexion and horizontal extension

41
Q

What types of movements can the spine perform

A

Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

42
Q

What types of movements can the shoulder girdle perform

A

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction

43
Q

What types of movements can the elbow preform

A

Flexion, extension, pronation, supination

44
Q

What types of movements can the hip perform

A

Extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, external and internal rotation, circumduction

45
Q

What Types of movements can the knee perform

A

Flexion, extension

46
Q

What types of movements can the ankle perform

A

Eversion, inversion, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion

Personal training level 1 (10 decks)

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