The skeleton & joints Flashcards
What minerals are stored in bones
Calcium and Phosphorus
What is produced in red bone marrow
Blood cells
What is the name of the main bone shaft
Diaphysis
What soft Tissue attaches to bone
Ligaments (bone to bone)
Tendon (muscle to bone)
What vital organs are protected by the Sternum and ribs
Heart, lungs
What ranges of motion are possible for the cervical spine
rotation
What forms the axial skeleton
Spine, ribs, skull
Which bones are more distal (distance) carpals or phalanges
phalanges
Which bone is more proximal (close) ischium or tibia
ischium
Name the bones that form the Pelvis
llium, ischium, pubis
Name the bones that form the leg or lower limb
Femur, tibia, fibula, patella (knee cap)
What is hyaline cartilage
The cartilage that forms the temporary skeleton of the foetus
What is ossification
The process by which bone is formed in the body
How can diet and exercise affect the health of bones
Caffeine, alcohol and carbonated drinks reduce the absorption of calcium
A healthy diet helps provide calcium e.g oily fish, dairy, vegetables
How many natural curves are there in the developed spine
4
What is natural spine alignment
S-shape
What ranges of motion are possible for the thoracic spine
Flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation
What is osteoporosis
Brittle bones
How can diet and exercise affect the health of bones
Caffeine, alcohol and carbonated drinks reduce the absorption of calcium
A healthy diet helps provide calcium e.g oily fish, dairy, vegetables
Exercise helps to keep bone strong
What is the name of an excess curvature of the lumbar sign
Lordosis
What is the name of an excess curvature of the thoracic spine
Hypokyphosis
What ranges of motion are possible for the cervical spine
Rotation
What ranges of motion are possible for lumbar spine
some flexion, extension (possible but limited; rotation and lateral flexion)
What is a joint
junction where 2 or more bones meet
Name 3 classifications of joints
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
What are fibrous joints
Immovable and interlocking joints, eg plates in the skull
What are cartilaginous joints
Slightly movable joints joined by cartilage eh vertebrae
What are synovial joints
freely movable, most common joint eg hip, knee, shoulder, wrist elbow
Give an example of a ball and socket joint
Shoulder
Give an example of a hinge joint
Knee or elbow
Give an example of a pivot joint
In forearm, ulua and radius
Give an example of a saddle joint
Thumb joint
What is the function of tendons
Connect Muscle to bone
What are the functions of ligaments
Connect bone to bone
enhancing joint stability
Guiding joint motion
prevent unwanted motion
What id the function of cartilage
To withstand compressive forces
What are characteristics of ligaments
tough white, non elastic, fibrous hung strung in cord formation
What are characteristics of tendons
formed from muscle fibres
What are characteristics of cartilage
dense, tough, fibrous, no blood supply
What is synovial fluid
Gives lubrication to the joint
What types of movements can the shoulder joint perform
flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, adduction, abduction, horizontal flexion and horizontal extension
What types of movements can the spine perform
Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
What types of movements can the shoulder girdle perform
Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction
What types of movements can the elbow preform
Flexion, extension, pronation, supination
What types of movements can the hip perform
Extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, external and internal rotation, circumduction
What Types of movements can the knee perform
Flexion, extension
What types of movements can the ankle perform
Eversion, inversion, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion
