Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located

A

In the ribcage (left)

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2
Q

What is the function of the heart

A

To pump blood around the body and pump oxygen and nutrients around the body

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3
Q

Where does the heart receive oxygenated blood from

A

Lungs

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4
Q

Where does the blood pump deoxygenated blood to

A

Lungs

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5
Q

How many chambers does the heart have

A

4

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6
Q

Which chambers receive blood

A

Right and left atrium

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7
Q

Which chambers pump blood

A

Right and left ventricle

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8
Q

What is the name of the largest artery leaving the heart

A

Aorta

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9
Q

What is the name of the largest vein entering the heart

A

Vena Cava

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10
Q

What is oxygenated blood

A

Blood which is carrying oxygen

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11
Q

What sort of blood is found in the aorta

A

Oxygenated blood

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12
Q

What type of blood is found in the pulmonary vein

A

Oxygenated blood

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13
Q

What type of blood is found In the pulmonary artery

A

Deoxygenated blood

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14
Q

What are the differences between veins and arteries

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart but veins carry blood to the heart
Arteries have thicker more muscular walls than veins
Arteries have a higher ability to contract than veins

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15
Q

Describe capillaries

A

Capillaries have very thin walls (1 cell thick)
They spread all over the body
Diffusion of gasses and nutrients can take place across the capillary walls
Capillaries can form networks

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16
Q

What is blood pooling

A

Blood pooling is when blood in the veins pools in the extremities, this can occur during a sudden stop during exercise

17
Q

What is venous return

A

Venous return occurs after blood pooling where the blood flows back to the heart

18
Q

What is blood pressure

A

A measure of the force the blood applies on the walls of the arteries as it flows through them

19
Q

What is vasodilation

A

It is caused by the relaxation of smooth muscle cells in arteries and causes an increased blood flow, the muscle relaxation causes the blood vessel to dilate

20
Q

Describe systolic and diastolic pressure

A

Systolic- the pressure applied on the artery wall when cardiac muscle is contracted and pumping blood
Diastolic- the pressure applied to the artery wall when the cardiac muscle is relaxed and not pumping

21
Q

What is optimal blood pressure

A

Bellow 120 for systolic and above 80 for diastolic

22
Q

What blood pressure reading is stage 1 hypertension

A

Systolic- 140-159

Diastolic- 90-99

23
Q

List some of the effects of exercise on the circulatory system

A

Sort term- increased heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic pressure and dilating capillaries
Long term- Stronger heart muscle, lower resting heart rate, increased stroke volume, increased cardiac output, increased mitochondrea, and capillaries, sustained optimal blood pressure

24
Q

What is pulmonary circulation

A

Circulation to the lungs

25
Q

What is systemic circulation

A

Circulation to the body