Circulatory system Flashcards
Where is the heart located
In the ribcage (left)
What is the function of the heart
To pump blood around the body and pump oxygen and nutrients around the body
Where does the heart receive oxygenated blood from
Lungs
Where does the blood pump deoxygenated blood to
Lungs
How many chambers does the heart have
4
Which chambers receive blood
Right and left atrium
Which chambers pump blood
Right and left ventricle
What is the name of the largest artery leaving the heart
Aorta
What is the name of the largest vein entering the heart
Vena Cava
What is oxygenated blood
Blood which is carrying oxygen
What sort of blood is found in the aorta
Oxygenated blood
What type of blood is found in the pulmonary vein
Oxygenated blood
What type of blood is found In the pulmonary artery
Deoxygenated blood
What are the differences between veins and arteries
Arteries carry blood away from the heart but veins carry blood to the heart
Arteries have thicker more muscular walls than veins
Arteries have a higher ability to contract than veins
Describe capillaries
Capillaries have very thin walls (1 cell thick)
They spread all over the body
Diffusion of gasses and nutrients can take place across the capillary walls
Capillaries can form networks
What is blood pooling
Blood pooling is when blood in the veins pools in the extremities, this can occur during a sudden stop during exercise
What is venous return
Venous return occurs after blood pooling where the blood flows back to the heart
What is blood pressure
A measure of the force the blood applies on the walls of the arteries as it flows through them
What is vasodilation
It is caused by the relaxation of smooth muscle cells in arteries and causes an increased blood flow, the muscle relaxation causes the blood vessel to dilate
Describe systolic and diastolic pressure
Systolic- the pressure applied on the artery wall when cardiac muscle is contracted and pumping blood
Diastolic- the pressure applied to the artery wall when the cardiac muscle is relaxed and not pumping
What is optimal blood pressure
Bellow 120 for systolic and above 80 for diastolic
What blood pressure reading is stage 1 hypertension
Systolic- 140-159
Diastolic- 90-99
List some of the effects of exercise on the circulatory system
Sort term- increased heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic pressure and dilating capillaries
Long term- Stronger heart muscle, lower resting heart rate, increased stroke volume, increased cardiac output, increased mitochondrea, and capillaries, sustained optimal blood pressure
What is pulmonary circulation
Circulation to the lungs
What is systemic circulation
Circulation to the body
