the skeleton

Question 1

What are the five main functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

Support, protection, movement, blood production, and storage of minerals.

Question 2

Differentiate between the axial and appendicular skeletons.

Answer 2

The axial skeleton consists of the head and trunk, while the appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and girdles.

Question 3

Name and describe the five types of bones.

Answer 3

Long (e.g., femur, for movement), short (e.g., carpals, for support), flat (e.g., scapula, for protection), sesamoid (e.g., patella, reduces friction), irregular (e.g., vertebrae, for varied functions).

Question 4

What is the function of synovial fluid in joints?

Answer 4

To lubricate joints and reduce friction.

Question 5

Name six types of synovial joints and their movements.

Answer 5

Hinge (e.g., elbow), pivot (e.g., neck), ball-and-socket (e.g., shoulder), gliding (e.g., wrist), condyloid (e.g., fingers), and saddle (e.g., thumb).

Question 6

How do ligaments and tendons differ in function?

Answer 6

Ligaments connect bone to bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone.

Question 7

What adaptations do bird bones have for flight?

Answer 7

Hollow, pneumatic bones with air pockets and fused collarbones for stability.

Question 8

What is the purpose of cartilage in joints?

Answer 8

To reduce friction and act as a shock absorber.