nervous system Flashcards
page 56
Name the three types of neurons and their functions.
Sensory neurons transmit impulses to the CNS, motor neurons send impulses from the CNS to muscles or organs, and interneurons transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons.
What is the role of the myelin sheath in nerve conduction?
It insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of electrical impulses.
Why do interneurons lack a myelin sheath?
They are unmyelinated to increase sensitivity to surrounding changes within the CNS.
How do glial cells support neurons?
They provide protection, support, and insulation to neurons, and aid in repair and maintenance.
What is a synapse, and how does it function?
A synapse is the junction between neurons where neurotransmitters transmit signals across the gap.
What is the difference between sensory and motor neurons?
Sensory neurons carry signals to the CNS, while motor neurons carry signals from the CNS to effectors like muscles.
What are the roles of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the nervous system?
Astrocytes maintain the blood-brain barrier, while oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in the CNS.
What triggers the release of neurotransmitters at a synapse?
The arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal.
