Nutrients and Digestion

Question 1

What are the seven groups of nutrients?

Answer 1

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber.

Question 2

Describe the process of monogastric digestion.

Answer 2

Food is mechanically broken down in the mouth, chemically digested in the stomach and small intestine, and water is absorbed in the large intestine.

Question 3

How do ruminants digest cellulose?

Answer 3

Microbes in the rumen secrete cellulase to break down cellulose in an anaerobic environment.

Question 4

What is the role of bile in digestion?

Answer 4

To emulsify fats and neutralize stomach acids.

Question 5

Compare the digestive systems of hindgut fermenters and ruminants.

Answer 5

Hindgut fermenters digest fiber in the cecum and large intestine, while ruminants ferment food in a multi-chambered stomach.

Question 6

What oral adaptations do carnivores have for their diet?

Answer 6

Sharp canines for tearing meat and carnassial teeth for shearing.

Question 7

What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?

Answer 7

To increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

Question 8

Describe the role of enzymes in chemical digestion.

Answer 8

Enzymes like amylase and protease break down large molecules into smaller, absorbable ones.