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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > The skeletal system part II > Flashcards

The skeletal system part II Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Skull, Hyoid, Vertebral Column, Thorax

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2
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Pectoral (shoulder) girdles, Upper limbs, Pubic Girdle, Lower Limbs

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3
Q

Neurocranium

A

portion of the skull that has direct contact with the brain

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4
Q

Viscerocranium

A

Facial bones, do not have direct contact with the brain

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5
Q

Frontal bone

A

Forms the forehead

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6
Q

Parietal bones

A

Form the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

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7
Q

Temporal bones

A

Form the lateral aspects and floor of the cranium

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8
Q

Occipital Bone

A

Forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium

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9
Q

Sphenoid Bone

A

Lies at the middle part of the base of the skull

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10
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits.
Supports nasal cavity

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11
Q

Conchae

A

thin projections in the ethmoid bone lined by mucus membranes

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12
Q

Nasal Bones

A

Form bridge of nose

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13
Q

Vomer

A

Forms inferior portion of nasal septum

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14
Q

Maxillae

A

Forms the upper jawbone
Forms most of the hard palate
separates nasal cavity from the oral cavity

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15
Q

Mandible

A

Forms lower jaw
Ramus articulates with the skull
Body houses the teeth

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16
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Form the prominence of the face cheeks

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17
Q

Lacrimal Bones

A

Forms a part of the medial wall of each orbit

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18
Q

Palatine Bones

A

Bone that forms the posterior portion of the hard palate

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19
Q

Inferior Nasal Conchae

A

Bone that forms a part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity

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20
Q

Functions of the vertebral column

A

Protects the spinal chord
supports head
serve as a point of attachment for ribs, pelvic girdle, and muscles

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21
Q

Why is the vertebral column curved?

A

Curves increase column strength
Distribute center of gravity, decreasing shock
Helps maintain balance
Protects from fractures

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22
Q

How many cervical vertebra are there?

A

7 (amount of vertebra of one of the sections)

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23
Q

How many thoracic vertebra are there

A

12 (amount of vertebra of one of the sections)

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24
Q

How many lumbar vertebra are there?

A

5 (amount of vertebra of one of the sections)

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25
Sacrum
Vertebral section that consists of 5 fused sacral vertebrae
26
Coccyx
Vertebral section that consists of four fused coccygeal vertebrae
27
What curvature do infants have in their vertebral column?
a single C curve
28
What vertebral curvature do adults have
a double S curve
29
Scoliosis
Twisting of the vertebral column
30
Kyphosis
hunchback, top of spine is curved forward more than usual common with age
31
Lordosis
also known as swayback Bottom curvature is exaggerated common with pregnancy and gymnasts
32
Function of Intervertebral discs
Form strong joints permit movements of the vertebral column absorb vertical shock
33
What do Vertebrae consist of
A body: this bears weight A vertebral arch: this surrounds the spinal chord Several processes: these are points of attachment for muscles
34
Cervical Region
Vertebrae C1-C7 atlas is C1 and axis is C2 [Vertibrae Prominens C7 forme the landmark at the back of the neck Transverse foramen (holes in vertebrae) for arteries and veins carrying brain blood supply
35
What is the name for the C1 vertebrae
Atlas
36
What is the name for the C2 vertebra
Axis
37
What is the name of the C7 vertebra and what does it form
Vertebra prominens and it forms a landmark at the back of the neck
38
Thoracic Region
Thoracic Vertebra T1-T12 These vertebra articulate with Ribs
39
How many Cervical Vertebra are there
7 C1-C7
40
How many thoracic vertebra are there?
12 T1-T12
41
Lumbar Region (Vertebrae)
vertebra (L1-L5) Provide attachment for large back muscles Superior articular facets face medially and restrict rotational movement
42
How many Lumbar vertebrae are there?
5 L1-L5
43
Sacrum
Located above coccyx and inferior to lumbar vertebrae Consists of 5 fused vertebra S1-S5 Fusion begins at 16 and finishes around 26
44
Coccyx
Formed by fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae fusion begins by 20 and ends by 30 Forms basis of what would be a tail bone, mostly vestigal
45
How is the Thoracic cage formed
Sternum Ribs Costal cartilages Thoracic Vertebrae
46
What is the function of the thoracic cage
Function: Enclose and protect the organs on the thoracic and abdominal cavities Provide support for the bones of the upper limbs Play a role in breathing
47
Sternum: Constitution and Location
Located in the center of the thoracic wall, articulates with true ribs Consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
48
Ribs: How many and Function
Number and function: 12 pairs and give structural support to sides of the thoracic cavity
49
Costal cartilages: function
function: contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic cage
50
Appendicular skeleton: Function, Constitution
Function: Movement Constitution: bones of the upper and lower limbs, and includes girdles that attach limbs to the axial skeleton
51
What makes up the pectoral girdle
Clavicle and Scapula make up this
52
Clavicle: Shape and articulations
S shape Articulates with Acrominal region and sternum (acromioclavicular joint and sternoclavicular joint)
53
Sacpula: Shape
Triangular in shape Also called shoulder blade
54
Bone of the brachial region
1 Humerous
55
Two bones of the antebrachial region
1 ulna 1 radius
56
8 bones of the Carpus region
8 carpals
57
19 bones of the Manus (digital region hand)
5 metacarpals 14 phalanges
58
Humerus: articulations of acrominal end and elbow end
Ball shaped proximal end articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula Distal end articulates at elbow with the radius and the ulna
59
Ulna
Longer of the two forearm bones Olecranon, Coronoid process, Trochlear notch, styloid process OCTS
60
Olecranon
Prominant proximal end of the Ulna, tip of the elbow
61
Coronoid Process
Anterior lip of the proximal ulna
62
Trochlear notch
Deep fossa that receives the trochlea of the humerus during elbow flexion
63
Styloid process
Cylindrical projection on the posterior side of the ulna’s head (distal end)
64
Radius
Smaller forearm bone Head articulates with the Distal end of the Humerous Radial Tuberosity Styloid process
65
Radial Tuberosity
Medial and Inferior to the neck Attachment site for biceps brachii muscle (Radius)
66
Styloid process
Large distal projection on the lateral side of the radius
67
Skeleton of the hand: 3 sections
Carpal Bones 8 Metacarpal Bones 5 Phalanges 14
68
Pelvic Girdle (Hip): Composition in Adults
Consists of three bones Two coxal bones Sacrum
69
Composition of the Coxals
What do these compose Illium: Largest superior portion Ischium: Inferior posterior position, tuberosity of Ischium is the point you sit on Pelvis: Inferior anterior portion
70
Male vs Female Pelvic Girdle
Male: heavier and thicker due to forces exerted by stronger muscles Female: Wider and shallower adapted for pregnancy and childbirth
71
Skeleton of the leg regions 3 (30 bones)
Femoral Crural Tarsal/Pedal
72
Femoral region bones 2
1 Femur 1 Patella
73
Crural region bones 2
1 Tibia 1 Fibula
74
Tarsal or Pedal bones 26
7 tarsals 5 metatarsals 14 phalanges
75
Skeleton of the thigh 2 bones
Femur and Patella
76
Femur articulations
Longest, heaviest and strongest bone Proximal end articulates with acetabulum of the coxal forming hip joint Distal end articulates with the condyles of the tibia, forming the knee joint
77
Patella
Largest sesamoid bone (small independent bone)
78
Tibia or Shin bone: Function and Articulations
Weight bearing bone Articulates distally with the talus and fubula Tibial Tuberosity Medial Malleolus
79
Tibial Tuberosity
Attachment site for the patellar ligament
80
Medial Malleolus
Medial surface of distal end (ankle joint) of the Tibia
81
Fibula: Function and articulations
Smaller non-weight bearing bone head forms the proximal tibiofibular joint Lateral Malleolus
82
Lateral Malleolus
Distal end, articulates with the tibia and the talus at the ankle and provides stability
83
Skeleton of the foot 4 regions
Talus Calcaneus Navicular Distal tarsals
84
Talus articulations
Forms ankle joint with tibia and fibula
85
Calcaneus articulations and composition
composes the heel Attachment for calcaneal tendon
86
Navicular articulation
articulates with talus and calcaneus
87
Distal tarsals
Medial, Intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms; cuboid

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (14 decks)

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